简介：Themechanismswhichcontrolsthefixationand/orreleaseofPinsedimentofanextremelyacidiclake(pH=2.0to3.0)anditsresponsetotheinfluenceofeutrophicurbanwastewaterwereinvestigated.Theresults,inthechemicalcomposition,inthemineralogyofthesedimentandinthematerialasobtainedfromsedimenttraps,showthatthelakesedimentsaremainlyvolcanicmaterialreflectingvolcanicfeaturesofthebasin.Thesedimentationratecalculatedforthelake(2.5×10~(-2)mgm~(-2)day~(-1))washigherthanthatobservedinothersimilarglaciallakesinbothAndeanPatagoniaandalsoelsewhereintheworld.TheTotalPhosphorusconcentrationinsedimentswashigherthanfiguresreportedbyotherauthorsforminingacidlakes,andthemainfractionofPwasfoundassociatedwithorganicmatter.TherewasnocontrolbyFeorAlonP,becausebothareinsolutionatpH<3.0.Itwasconcludedthatchangesinthenaturalinputofnutrients(derivativesofCopahuevolcanofluid,thedischargeofsewage,orbasinrun-off)areresponsibleforahighconcentrationofSRPandN-NH_4~+inthelake.LaboratoryexperimentsshowedthatsedimentshavenoabilitytoretainphosphorusandacontinuousreleaseofPfromthesedimentsintothewatercolumnwasobserved.TheassayswherethepHwasartificiallyincreasedshowedthatthePstillremainsinsolutionuntilatleastpH7.0.Itwasconcludedthatchangesinthenaturalinputofnutrientsdueto:1)thevolcanicfluids,2)theincreaseinsewagecharges,or3)surfacerunoffupstream,maintainahightrophicstatewithhighconcentrationsofdissolvedPandN-NH_4~+,althoughthethresholdofneutralpHinthelakeisexceeded.Thisstudywillenableabetterunderstandingaboutofthemechanismofrelease/fixationofphosphorusinacidicsedimentsinordertoassistinmakingdecisionsregardingtheconservationandmanagementofthisnaturalenvironment.

简介：Shallowfreshwaterbodiesinpeatareascouldbeanimportantcontributortogreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Inthisstudy,thepartialpressureofCO2inthesurfacewateroftheDianshanLakewasinvestigatedinsituinAugust2011.TheaveragepCO2inthestudyareawas2300μatmandfluctuatedwithintherangeof989–5000μatm.pCO2showedareversetrendtothevariationsofpHandDOinthesurfacewateroftheDianshanLake.ThewatertoairdiffusionfluxofCO2oftheupstream,middlelakeanddownstreamwererespectively63,33and14mmol/m2/d.Onaverage,thediffusionfluxofCO2ofthewholelakewas31mmol/m2/d.Consequently,ourresultsshowthatduringthesamplingseason,theDianshanLakeappearstobeagreatsourceofCO2.ItisalsodemonstratedthatrespirationcouldbethedominantbiochemicalreactionintheDianshanLakeinsummer.

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简介：现在的工作的目标是为决定引起环境污染的踪迹元素的命运，分散和层次执行对高水坝湖底部沉积的一个geochemical评价，并且提供存取给他们的可能的来源。沉积样品为20个元素用ICPMS被分析；AgBa，Cr，Cu，Ga，Hf，Mn，Pb，Rb，Sc，Se，Sn，Sr，TaThTi，Tl，U，V和Zr和他们的获得的数据用统计、图形、印射的技术被对待结果显示出引起了偏差离开规度的孤立点和极端值影响的所有分析元素的数据集合。KruskalWallis测试揭示了那在湖沉积的一些踪迹元素层次中部，不是显著地不同的，另外的元素拒绝了空假设。大多数分析元素有高价值在努比亚而非纳瑟湖和他们的正规化给了计算环境因素的一样的结果的湖的沉积中部、吝啬。随后，高拥有的湖努比亚沉积联合了Th，Sc，Sn，Ag，Zr，Hf，Ta，Sr，U，Ti，V，Cr，和Mn的EF层次，引起重要污染，它潜在地大与有关工业，农业，都市化和采矿活动。而，Se，Cu，Ga，Pb，Ba，Rb，和Tl的联合EF，它高度由于他们的来源在南部的纳瑟湖沉积被提高是可能从湖努比亚和地球表面形成学的活动导出的伟人。与向高水坝身体的减少的距离，沾染物元素在环境因素和导致考虑少些被污染的北纳瑟湖的苏丹的污染来源由于减小被减少。总的来说，现在的学习是为带了沾染物并且在生态系统上考虑了污染影响的第二等的来源的污染沉积的环境警戒，并且随后，他们人的健康上的环境风险。

简介：Recentobservationssupportanemergingparadigmthatclimatevariabilitydominatesnutrientenrichmentincostaleco-systems,whichcanexplainseasonalandinter-annualvariabilityofphytoplanktoncommunitycomposition,biomass(Chl-a),andprimaryproduction(PP).Inthispaper,wecombinedobservationandmodelingtoinvestigatetheregulationofphytoplanktondynamicsinChesapeakeBay.Theyearwechoseis1996thathashighriverrunoffandisusuallycalleda’wetyear’.A3-Dphysical-biogeochemicalmodelbasedonROMSwasdevelopedtosimulatetheseasonalcycleandtheregionaldistributionsofphytoplanktonbiomassandprimaryproductioninChesapeakeBay.Basedonthemodelresults,NO3presentsastrongcontrasttotherivernitrateloadduringspringandthehighestconcentrationinthebayreachesaround80mmolNm-3.Comparedwiththenormalyear,phytoplanktonbloominspringof1996appearsinlowerlatitudeswithahigherconcentration.Quantitativecomparisonbetweenthemodeledandobservedseasonalaverageddissolvedinorganicnitrogenconcentrationsshowsthatthemodelproducesreliableresults.Thecorrelationcoefficientr2forallquantitiesexceeds0.95,andtheskillparameterforthefourseasonsisallabove0.95.

简介：ThemacrobenthiccommunityoftheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryandtheadjacentseawaterswasinvestigatedinMayandNovember2008,August2009,andMayandSeptember2010,respectively.Atotalof95speciesofmacrobenthoswereidentifiedinthefivecruisesandmostofthemwerepolychaetes(46.39%),mollusks(28.86%)andcrustaceans(20.62%).TheShannon-Wienerindexofmacrobenthoswaslowerthan2in67%sites.Alongthestreamchannel,estuaryandthecoastalwaters,thespeciesofpolychaetesreducedgradually,whiletheabundanceincreasedatfirstandthendecreased.Theabundancewasthebiggestatregionswithsalinityof520intheestuary.Thespeciesandabundanceofmollusksandcrustaceansincreasedgradually.Asforseasonaldistribution,thespecies,abundanceandbiomasswerehigherinspringandlowerinsummerandautumn.ContemporaneouslycomparedwithLaizhouBayandYellowRiverEstuary,thespeciesofmacrobenthosappearedintheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryweremuchless,whilethepercentageofpolychaeteswashigher.AbundanceandbiomasswerehigherinXiaoqingRiverestuary,thenconsequentlyfollowedbyLaizhouBayandYellowRiverEstuary.ThedominantspeciesinXiaoqingRiverEstuarywaspolychaete,andLayzhouBaymollusk.ThecommunitystructurecharacteristicsofmacrobenthosintheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryrevealedasignificantpollutionstatusinthisregion.

简介：FromthecasestudyofEveningBellRingingatNanpingHill,oneoftheWestLakeCulturalLandscapesinHangzhou,China,weinvestigatedthesoundscapeofascenicareawithaprofoundculturalbackground.First,weconductedthesoundscapephysicalindexoftheareainbothwinterandspringseasonstoanalyzeitsobjectivegraphicalexpression.Second,wefocusedonpeople’sreactionstothesoundscapeinordertoobtainasubjectiveevaluationofeachcomponentinthesoundscapeandintegratedenvironment.Then,therelationshipbetweentheobjectivedataandthesubjectiveevaluationwasanalyzed.Finally,theimpactsofthenaturalenvironment,history,andculturalfactorsontheevaluationoftheJingciTemplesoundscapewerestudied.Itwasfoundthatnaturalsounds,culturalsounds,andhistoricsoundswerewidelyacclaimedinpeople’ssubjectivefeelings,whichindicatedthecloserelationshipsamonghistoricalandculturalbackground,soundscape,andnaturalenvironment.Thus,theconclusionwasmadethatsoundscapeshouldbeconsistentwiththelocalnaturalenvironmentandthehistoricalandculturalbackground.

简介：为了改进气候地下水相互作用，一个地下水部件和新surface/subsurface流量的数字建模的能力，计划被合并到地区性的气候模型RegCM3，重命名的RegCM3_Hydro。从两个模型的20年的模拟被用来在中国在七河盆上在地区性的气候上调查地下水动力学和surface/subsurface流量parameterizations的效果。结果的比较证明RegCM3_Hydro减少了积极偏爱年度并且夏天(6月，7月，8月)在六河盆上的降水，当它稍微在东方中国在Huaihe河盆上增加了偏爱时。RegCM3_Hydro也越过年从RegCM3减少了表面空气温度的冷偏爱，特别为Haihe和Huaihe河盆，与0.80的重要偏爱减小

简介：包含五本国的起源和Pinusradiata(D.唐)的澳大利亚的landrace的一个起源实验在四川的干燥的河山谷区域在三个地点上被建立，在2004的西南中国以便为环境种在上选择最合适的起源干燥，陡峭、降级的斜坡将减少土壤侵蚀。尽管与在与P相比的冬季的低得多的土壤潮湿供应和吝啬的最小的温度。在世界上在其它地方建立的radiata起源试用，这些地点在以前的气候定义的种类的工作限制以内建模并且匹配。在实验被建立以后，因为困难的地点条件和严重自然骚乱，死亡越过与在另外的国家的起源试用相比的三个地点高。在起源由之中的平均死亡率复制在在种以后在种以后从16%～76%四年，并且从40%～88%五年改变的三个地点上种单位。树尺寸的重复大小随着时间的过去用multilevel被分析为平均数导出生长曲线的线性混合模型，中部，第75并且在每个地点的每起源的尺寸分发的第90个百分位数。树生长上有重要地点效果，但是在地点和起源之间的重要相互作用都没被检测。在六起源之中，威尔斯是在越过所有地点的直径，高度和茎体积生长的最好的表演者。比一般水准和这起源的最好的树好由名字的茎体积分发的第75和第90个百分位数代表了比澳大利亚的landrace显著地大，一?oNuevo，和二岛起源，Guadalupe和Cedros。Monterey是全面的在威尔斯后面的第二个最好的表演者。澳大利亚的landrace，Guadalupe和A?oNuevo一般来说有类似的表演。Cedros显著地并且一致地低于所有另外的本国的起源和澳大利亚的陆地赛跑。因为现在的澳大利亚的种植园的基因库主要从A被导出?oNuevo和Monterey，在如此的困难的地点的威尔斯的优异早生长性能把一条新诺言带到P的搜索。为在新南威尔士和澳大利亚的另外的部分的广阔dryland区域的radiata

简介：NCEP/NCAR每日的分析数据和中国每日的gridded降水数据被用来学习在aprupt干旱洪水之间的关系转移中间低的活动范围在2011的长江和intraseasonal摆动(ISO；3060天)在中间高度的纬度在东亚上的上面的对流层的南方的循环。到洪水的从干旱的突然的转变发生在早6月。复杂实验直角的功能的开始的二个恢复领域证明从低纬度的向北方繁殖的westerlies在中间迟了的5月在长江(MLRYR)的中间低的活动范围上从高纬度与向南方繁殖的westerlies收敛。预定这集中在早中间的6月对应于洪水时期。ISO索引显著地并且断然在MLRYR上与降雨被相关。在干燥阶段期间(在转变前)，在MLRYR上的上面的对流层被气旋的流动描绘，在东方风，和集中。地区性的发行量被一列波浪火车在MLRYR上在湖贝加尔湖，在北中国上的反气旋，和气旋的东方上与气旋统治。在湿阶段期间，状况被颠倒。波浪火车的配置在干燥阶段期间赞成西的风骚乱的向南方的繁殖，当波浪火车的配置在MLRYR上在湿阶段期间赞成抽的效果和持续上升运动的发展和维护时。