简介：雄激素受体(AR)调停了雄激素行动提供在男开发和功能的不仅一个古典枢轴的角色而且在女繁殖生理学的一个最近证明的角色。拼接AR的变体被报导发生在各种各样的雄激素敏感的癌症和现在，由王等的最近的研究。建议AR拼接变体在polycystic卵巢症候群(PCOS)有一个etiological角色。尽管进一步的调查被要求充分估价他们的发现的意义，这些精液的调查结果为在在PCOS的起源和致病发信号的AR的角色的理解打开新章有令人激动、重要的含意。

简介：AbstractThere is currently no universally accepted unified diagnostic standard for infertility treatment and maternity protection related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) worldwide, and the treatment options vary greatly. To improve the understanding of PCOS-related infertility among Chinese obstetricians and gynecologists at all levels for better patient diagnosis and management, we have referred to the international expert recommendations and literature and taken into account the Chinese clinical practice to develop the "Consensus on infertility management and fertility preservation related to PCOS."

简介：AbstractObjective:Altered bile acid transformation induces low-grade chronic inflammation and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Liquiritincan regulate bile acid metabolism and anti-inflammatory properties; however, limited information is available regarding its therapeutic potential in PCOS.Methods:Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6 mice/group): the control, letrozole or dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS groups, PCOS + 20 mg/kg liquiritin group, and control + liquiritin groups. After 21 days of treatment, the mice were euthanized, and the associated metabolism indications were investigated. Ovarian histological examinations were performed, and serum hormone concentration was measured. The expression of key genes involved in steroid hormone synthesis, ovarian follicle development, and ovulation was assessed.Results:Liquiritin reduced fasting blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity compared to the PCOS group. Liquiritin also significantly decreased serum levels of total testosterone (P < 0.001) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (P < 0.05) in the PCOS group. Histomorphological inspection of ovaries from the liquiritin group revealed fewer cystic dilated follicles than in the PCOS group. Moreover, liquiritinsignificantly (P < 0.01) decreased Cyp17a1, Cyp19a1, Fshr, Hsd3b2, Runx2, and Ccn2 mRNA expression compared to letrozole-induced PCOS.Conclusion:Liquiritin may be safe and helpful in ameliorating PCOS-associated hyperandrogenemia and hyperglycemia. However, clinical trials investigating different liquiritin dosages are needed to confirm these findings.

简介：AbstractBackground:Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin (MET) increases insulin sensitivity, but it is associated with unsatisfactory weight loss. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide has been shown to reduce weight and IR in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of exenatide once-weekly (QW) combined with MET on body weight, as well as metabolic and endocrinological parameters in overweight/obese women with PCOS.Methods:Fifty overweight/obese women with PCOS diagnosed via the Rotterdam criteria were randomized to one of two treatment groups: MET (500 mg three times a day [TID]) or combination treatment (COM) (MET 500 mg TID, exenatide 2 mg QW) for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were anthropometric changes associated with obesity, and the secondary outcomes included changes in reproductive hormone levels, glucose and lipid metabolism, and C-reactive protein.Results:Forty (80%) patients completed the study. COM therapy was superior to MET monotherapy in reducing weight (P = 0.045), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.041), and waist circumference (P = 0.023). Patients in the COM group on an average lost 3.8 ± 2.4 kg compared with 2.1 ± 3.0 kg in the MET group. In the COM group, BMI and waist circumference decreased by 1.4 ± 0.87 kg/m2 and 4.63 ± 4.42 cm compared with 0.77 ± 1.17 kg/m2 and 1.72 ± 3.07 cm in the MET group, respectively. Moreover, levels of fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-h glucose, and OGTT 2-h insulin were significantly lower with COM therapy than with MET (P < 0.050). Mild and moderate gastrointestinal reactions were the most common adverse events in both groups.Conclusions:COM therapy was more effective than MET alone in reducing body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and improving insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese women with PCOS, with acceptable short-term side effects.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04029272. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04029272

简介：AbstractObjectives:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of childbearing age. Although it is a leading cause of menstrual disorders, infertility, obesity, and other diseases, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the target genes, pathways, and potential drugs for PCOS through text mining.Methods:First, three different keywords ( "polycystic ovary syndrome", "obesity/adiposis", and "anovulation" ) were uploaded to GenCLiP3 to obtain three different gene sets. We then chose the common genes among these gene sets. Second, we performed gene ontology and signal pathway enrichment analyses of these common genes, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Third, the most significant gene module clustered in the protein-protein network was selected to identify potential drugs for PCOS via gene-drug analysis.Results:A total of 4291 genes related to three different keywords were obtained through text mining, 72 common genes were filtered among the three gene sets, and 69 genes participated in PPI network construction, of which 23 genes were clustered in the gene modules. Finally, six of the 23 genes were targeted by 30 existing drugs.Conclusions:The discovery of the six genes (CYP19A1, ESR1, IGF1R, PGR, PTGS2, and VEGFA) and 30 targeted drugs, which are associated with ovarian steroidogenesis (P <0.001), may be used in potential therapeutic strategies for PCOS.

简介：AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous reproductive disease that can cause infertility. The Hippo signaling pathway, a network highly conserved throughout evolution, maintains the balance between follicle proliferation and dormancy. Dynamic changes in primordial follicles cannot occur without the participation of biological signals and mechanical force; however, little is known about the mechanism by which biomechanical signaling triggers PCOS, especially in the context of primordial follicle development. To investigate the contribution of mechanical stress and the Hippo signaling pathway to the onset of PCOS, we searched the literature via the PubMed database, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure the rigor of this research. We eventually included 54 publications in which Hippo signaling and mechanical force were suggested to play a vital role in the development of primordial follicles as well as elucidate the pathogenesis of PCOS. The Hippo pathway modulating follicle growth can be perturbed via extracellular mechanical stress caused by the stiff ovarian cortical environment in PCOS. Clinical intervention targeting the Hippo pathway can alter the activity of core Hippo members, such as the Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator PDZ-binding motif complex. In some patients with PCOS, follicle overactivation can be attributed to the dysfunction of Hippo signal transduction. PCOS, a condition with various patterns, cannot be accurately explained by a single, specific mechanism. The present review identifies potential targets and therapeutic strategies for PCOS.

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简介：AbstractBackground:As one of the most common endocrinal disorders for women at childbearing age, the diagnostic criteria of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been defined differently among different international health organizations. Phenotypic heterogeneity of PCOS also brings about difficulties for its diagnosis and management assessment. Therefore, more efficient biomarkers representing the progression of PCOS are expected to be integrated into the monitoring of management process using metabolomic approaches.Methods:In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 117 PCOS patients were enrolled from December 2016 to September 2017. Classical diagnostic parameters, blood glucose, and metabolome were measured in these patients before and at 2 months and 3 months of different medical interventions. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built based on multivariate statistical analysis using data at baseline and 3 months’ management, and combinational biomarkers with appreciable sensitivity and specificity were selected, which then validated with data collected at 2 months.Results:A set of metabolites including glutamic acid, aspartic acid, 1-methylnicotinamide, acetylcarnitine, glycerophosphocholine, and oleamide were filtered out with high performance in representing the improvement through 3-month management of PCOS with high sensitivity and specificity in ROC analysis and validation with other two groups showed an appreciable area under the curve over 0.96.Conclusions:The six metabolites were representative of the remission of PCOS through medical intervention, making them a set of potential biomarkers for assessing the outcome of PCOS management.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03264638.

简介：AbstractObjective:Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) expression is elevated in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however, its clinical significance is not clear. Owing to the strong correlation between AMH and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), some studies believe that AMH alone can be used to diagnose PCOS. The aim of this study was to explore whether AMH can be used to diagnose PCOS and to differentiate the various PCOS subtypes.Methods:This was a retrospective study of 503 patients with PCOS. Patients were divided into eight subtypes based on the presence/absence of hyperandrogenemia (HA), insulin resistance (IR), or obesity (OB). The expression characteristics of AMH in each subtype were analyzed. Due to the small number of patients with subtypes 7 and 8, only patients with subtypes 1-6 were included in the analysis.Results:AMH showed a good positive correlation with PCOM (P = 0.000) and negative correlations with OB (P = 0.000) and IR (P = 0.003). The free testosterone index showed no correlation with AMH (P = 0.803). The percentages of patients with each subtype (excluding subtypes 7-8) and their respective AMH levels were as follows: Type 1 (HA + NIR + OB) 4.77% and 9.12 ng/mL; Type 2 (HA + IR + NOB) 20.68% and 10.34 ng/mL; Type 3 (HA + NIR + NOB) 23.66% and 9.47 ng/mL; Type 4 (HA + IR + OB) 30.82% and 8.32 ng/mL; Type 5 (NHA + NIR + NOB) 11.73% and 10.0 ng/mL; and Type 6 (NHA + IR + NOB) 6.16% and 9.76 ng/mL. The diagnostic rates of AMH (>8.09 ng/mL) and ultrasound for PCOM were 60.10% and 85.60%, respectively, suggesting that AMH did not completely predict PCOM.Conclusions:High AMH levels can be used to evaluate the incidence trend of PCOS. However, due to clinical heterogeneity, accurately evaluating the severity of PCOS and identifying the subtype of PCOS in Chinese patients are difficult. Individualized treatment should be administered based on accurate clinical subtypes and other clinical characteristics.

简介：AbstractObjective:Metabolic disorders are markedly common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is observed in 30%-55% of all PCOS patients. Many studies have reported that autophagy and apoptosis, which are closely related to mitochondrial function, play important roles in the development of NAFLD. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by liver apoptosis and autophagy imbalance in the development of NAFLD in a PCOS mouse model.Methods:We used a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS model to mimic the pathological process of hyperandrogenism. Hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining assays were used to observe the pathological changes in the liver. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to perform mitochondrion-related assays.Results:Hepatic steatosis and different degrees of inflammation were observed in the DHT-treated mice. The expression of molecules involved in the respiratory chain and aerobic respiration process was altered. The levels of the key molecules associated with apoptosis and autophagy were abnormal.Conclusions:Androgens may play a role in the process of hepatic steatosis development by affecting mitochondrial function and subsequently inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Such phenomena might be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in women with PCOS.

简介：AbstractObjective:To examine the association between sleep characteristics and night shift work and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Chinese women and to investigate their relationship with infertility in PCOS.Methods:From March 21, 2021 to April 31, 2021, 3927 Chinese women with or without PCOS were recruited online. All participants completed WeChat-based electronic questionnaires. Sleep characteristics were measured using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index.Results:A total of 2871 women were included in the final analysis. Sleep duration (odds ratio [OR], 0.857; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.763-0.963), sleep midpoint (OR, 1.142; 95% CI, 1.049-1.244), sleep disturbance (OR, 1.320; 95% CI, 0.957-1.146), daytime dysfunction (OR, 1.136; 95% CI, 1.030-1.253), and night shift work (OR, 1.628; 95% CI, 1.264-2.097) were associated with a higher risk of PCOS. After adjusting for confounders, including age, body mass index, smoking status, and coffee and tea drinking status, sleep disturbance (OR, 1.314; 95% CI, 1.111-1.555), daytime dysfunction (OR, 1.143; 95% CI, 1.034-1.264), and night shift work (OR, 1.800; 95% CI, 1.388-2.333) remained associated. In addition, sleep disturbance (OR, 1.887; 95% CI, 1.400-2.542) and subjective sleep quality (OR, 1.299; 95% CI, 1.037-1.627) were associated with infertility in women with PCOS, and sleep disturbance (OR, 1.750; 95% CI, 1.281-2.390) remained significant after adjusting for confounders.Conclusions:Sleep disturbance, daytime dysfunction, and night shift work are significantly associated with PCOS. Screening for sleep disturbances and providing appropriate treatment could be potential strategies for managing PCOS and its long-term complications.

简介：TheauthorswanttochangetheCoverCaptionofCellResearch,Volume17,Issue1.ThecorrectedCoverCaptionshouldbe'Germlinestemcells(greendots)atthetipoftheDrosophilaovariolegeneratethegermlinecellsoftheegg

简介：仅仅在成年纸巾(干细胞)的房间的一个小数字在每细胞分裂拥有能力到自我更新，当生产区分子细胞为一个有机体维持织物动态平衡时“s一生。果蝇卵巢怀有位于作为germarium知道的简单解剖结构的干细胞人口(细菌线干细胞(GSC)，体的干细胞(SSC)和护卫干细胞(转换字符))的三种不同类型，显示它为为操作基因由于可靠干细胞鉴定和可得到的复杂基因工具学习干细胞生物学的最好的模型系统之一工作。特别地，为GSC的壁龛在GSC上在首先并且最好学习的，和研究之中，它的壁龛使许多成为了唯一的贡献到在干细胞和他们的壁龛之间的关系的更好的理解。到目前为止，GSC和SSC被显示了被从他们的壁龛发源的外来的因素和在内工作的内在的因素调整。多重发信号小径为控制GSC和SSC自强和区别被要求，它提供唯一的机会调查从壁龛的多重信号怎么在干细胞被解释。因为果蝇卵巢包含干细胞的三种类型，学习在给定的纸巾的多重干细胞怎么联合地工作贡献织物功能和维护也提供突出的机会。这评论在学习果蝇卵巢的干细胞加亮最近的主要进展并且也讨论未来方向和挑战。

简介：Careinoidsyndromeisaconstellationofsymptoms,mostobviouslyflushinganddiarrhoea,causedbyreleaseofhormonesandothersultancesfromaCarcinoidtumour,whichisatypeofneuroendoerinetumour.

简介：客观：与严重煽动性的反应症候群(先生)在创伤的病人调查甲状腺荷尔蒙的引申。方法：有严重先生的五十个创伤的病人被注册并且根据他们是否介绍了multiorgandysfunction症候群(MODS)把组划分了成二。甲状腺荷尔蒙大小被拿，包括totaltriiodothyronine(TT3)，全部的甲状腺素(TT4)，免费triiodothyronine(FT3)，免费甲状腺素(FT4)和甲状腺刺激荷尔蒙(TSH)。尖锐生理学和长期的健康评估Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)20根据临床的数据被计算。恢复或恶化的结果被记录，以及从到时间甲状腺荷尔蒙的先生的发作的时间的长度被测量。结果：Euthyroid病了的症候群(S字)在45cases.TT3水平被介绍否定地与APACHEH分数被相关(r=-0.330,P<0。05)，并且TT3/TT4value否定地与先生的持续时间被相关(r=-0.316,P<0.05)。没有MODS，在MODS病人的TT3，TT4和FT3levels是比那些显著地低的(P<0.05)。没有MODS，给低TT4或FT4的MODS病人比那些经常铺平更多(P<0.05)。与在正常TSH组的病人相比，有有的减少的TSH的病人降低T3，T4，恢复率和更高的APACHEⅡ分数，MODS发生，但是二个组之间没有差别(P>0.05).Conclusions：有严重先生的损伤病人有高可能性得到S字，它更经常并且严重地发生在MODS病人。它在甲状腺轴上显示出先生的影响。Withthe坚持和先生的恶化，有甲状腺荷尔蒙的进步减小。

简介：共分析了50篇丈章，分别采用单纯针剌法，针剌结合其他疗法，耳穴贴压疗法和其他疗法进行治疗。有39篇文章有明确的诊断标准，其中《实用中西医结合诊断治疗学》，Kupperman评分和《中医病证诊断疗效标准》。治疗组涉及病例总数2946例，临床疗效最高达100％，最低为58、1％。有16篇设立了对照组。15篇进行了辨证分型，共27种证型，有肝肾阴虚，睥肾阳虚，肾阳虚，肾阴虚，心肾不交和肝郁等。针灸治疗更年期综合征具有一定效果，但缺少严格的随机对照试验(RCT)。

简介：少年polyposis症候群是多重不同少年息肉在胃肠的道和colorectal癌症的增加的风险描绘的稀罕正染色体的主导的症候群。colorectal癌症的累积一生风险是39%，相对风险是34。少年息肉把特殊组织学被有煽动性的房间和膀胱地扩大的腺的薄板propria排队了由的许多edematous描绘了对有反应变化的圆柱的上皮立方形。临床上，少年polyposis症候群被5的存在或更多的少年息肉在colorectum，在整个胃肠的道的少年息肉或少年息肉的任何数字和少年polyposis的积极家庭历史定义。在大约与少年polyposis症候群诊断的病人的50%-60%，在SMAD4或BMPR1A基因的一个germline变化被发现。两基因在表明小径的BMP/TGF-beta起一个作用。在少年polyposis的癌症可以通过反常stromal环境导致邻近的上皮并且最后的肿瘤的转变的所谓的landscaper机制发展，这被建议了侵略的癌。这稀罕混乱的识别关于治疗为病人和他们的家庭是重要的，后续并且屏蔽在风险个人。与少年息肉的诊断面对的每位临床医生应该因此考虑少年polyposis症候群的可能性。另外，少年polyposis症候群提供一个独特模型一般来说学习colorectal癌症致病并且在癌症的分子的基因基础给卓见。这评论讨论少年polyposis症候群的临床的表明，遗传，致病和管理。

简介：Gutmicrobiotaexertsasignificantroleinthepathogenesisofthemetabolicsyndrome,asconfirmedbystudiesconductedbothonhumansandanimalmodels.Gutmicrobialcompositionandfunctionsarestronglyinfluencedbydiet.Thiscomplexintestinal'superorganism'seemstoaffecthostmetabolicbalancemodulatingenergyabsorption,gutmotility,appetite,glucoseandlipidmetabolism,aswellashepaticfattystorage.Animpairmentofthefinebalancebetweengutmicrobesandhost’simmunesystemcouldculminateintheintestinaltranslocationofbacterialfragmentsandthedevelopmentof'metabolicendotoxemia',leadingtosystemicinflammationandinsulinresistance.Dietinducedweight-lossandbariatricsurgerypromotesignificantchangesofgutmicrobialcomposition,thatseemtoaffectthesuccess,ortheinefficacy,oftreatmentstrategies.Manipulationofgutmicrobiotathroughtheadministrationofprebioticsorprobioticscouldreduceintestinallowgradeinflammationandimprovegutbarrierintegrity,thus,amelioratingmetabolicbalanceandpromotingweightloss.However,furtherevidenceisneededtobetterunderstandtheirclinicalimpactandtherapeuticuse.

简介：AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of risk factors that can eventually lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. A detailed understanding of the MetS mechanism will be helpful in developing effective prevention strategies and appropriate intervention tools. In this article, we discuss the relationship between the clinical symptoms of MetS and differences in the gut microbial community compared with healthy individuals, characterized by the proliferation of potentially harmful bacteria and the inhibition of beneficial ones. Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism have been shown to be mediated by a number of factors, including inflammation caused by gut barrier defects, short-chain fatty acids metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. However, although we can clearly establish a causal relationship between gut microbial profiles and MetS in animal experiments, the relationship between them is still controversial in humans. Therefore, we need more clinical studies to augment our understanding of how we can manipulate the gut microbiota and address the role of the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of MetS.

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