简介：TheForumwasheldonDecember19-20,2007inKathmandu,thecapitalofNepal,andaPhotoShowofPicturesqueTibetopenedatthesametime.AgroupofTibetologistsfromChinaandtheTribuneUniversityofNepaljointlyheldadiscussion

简介：最当前的地震设计通过反应减小因素(R)包括结构的非线性的反应。这允许设计者当为非线性的行为和变丑的财务限制时，使用一条线性有弹性的基于力量的途径。事实上，反应减小因素在现代地震代码被使用按比例缩小结构的有弹性的反应。这研究集中于为增强的水泥(RC)的设计设计/构造估计实际R价值在Kathmandu的大楼山谷。韧性并且在Kathmandu的代表性的RC大楼编制被调查。非线性的闲差事分析在结构的模型上被执行以便评估大楼的地震表演。有位于Kathmandu山谷的许多特征的12座代表性的设计不规则的大楼被选择并且学习。而且，效果在韧性因素，造的韧性上的横梁列能力比率，和反应减小因素上的负担路径上编制，被检验。最后，结果进一步被分析并且与大楼的不同结构的参数相比。

简介：PastresearchershaveanticipatedtheoccurrenceofagreatearthquakeinthecentralHimalayasinthenearfuture.ThismaycauseseriousdamageintheKathmanduValley,whichsitsonanancientlakebedzone,withlacustrinesedimentsofmorethan500mdepth.Inthisstudy,thepredominantfrequencyofgroundmotionisevaluatedusingtheHorizontal-to-Vertical(H/V)spectralratiotechniqueandrecordingsofambientnoise.TheresultsoftheH/Vratioshowtwopeaksinabout20percentofthelocations,whicharedistributedmainlyinandaroundthecenterandnorthernpartoftheKathmanduValley.Thepredominantfrequenciesvaryfrom0.5Hzto8.9Hzinthestudyarea,whereasthesecondresonancefrequencyvariesfrom4Hzto6Hzinthecenterandnorthernpartofthevalley.Thisindicatesthatthecenterandnorthernpartofthevalleyhaveawiderangeofresonancefrequencyduetotwolevelsofimpedancecontrastonemaybefromthesurfacelayerandtheothermaybefromthelayerunderneath.ThesetwolevelsofresonanceindicatetheimportanceofconsideringtheeffectsofsurfaceandlowerlayersduringtheplanninganddesigningofinfrastructuresintheKathmanduValley.

简介：Nepalisoneofthetopthreeexportersoflargercardamom(AmomumsubulatumRoxb.)intheworldmarketcontributinglargelytotheNepaleseeconomy.Sub-HimalayanrangeofhillyareaofeasternNepalispopularforlargecardamomcultivation.Beingsimilarphytogeographicalandecologicalsetting,cultivationhasbeguninhillsofKathmanduValleyhoweverlandsuitabilityneedstobeevaluatedwithreferencetospecificneedofthecrop.Kathmanduisavalleywithalluvialbottomandaltitudinalrangebetween1200and2730mabovesealevelhavingcooltowarmtemperateclimaticrange.Varietiesofaspectsandslopegradienthavepotentialityforthelargecardamomcultivation.Aimofthestudywassettocategorizeavailablelandareaintherangeofsuitabilityforlargecardamoncultivationonthebasisofphysicalcharacteristicsofthelandandecologicalneedofcrop.LandevaluationmethodologyhasbeendesignedalongwithsitespecificamendmentinFAOframework(1976).Landusemapinscaleof1:25000wasusedingeographicinformationsystemenvironment.Suitabilitywasdonethroughmapoverlayingmethods.Aimofthestudywassettocategorizeavailablelandareaintherangeofsuitabilitycategoriesforlargecardamomcultivationbasedonphysicalcharacteristicsofthelandmatchingwithecologicalneedofcrop.AnalysisofdatashowsthataltitudinalrangeatuplandsofKathmanduValleyandannualaveragerainfallandtemperaturearefoundtobewithinsuitabilityrangeforAmomumsubulatumcultivation.Sandyloamsoil,slightlyacidicinnaturewithgentleslopinglandofabout5-8°provideshighlysuitablecondition.Resultshowedthatmorethanone-thirdoftotallandareaabove1800mofaltitudeissuitable.Selectively,ofthetotalarea,5%arenorthfacingslope,13%gentleslopesarehighlysuitable.16%landswithnortheastorientationaremoderatelysuitable.Mostofthelandareaswhicharemarginalysuitabileforvegetableandcerealcropsarehighlysuitableforlargecardamom.Hillsofnorthernboundary