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简介：AIM:Todelineatethecharacteristicsofthedynamicstereopsistestandanalyzerelatedparametersinintermittentexotropia[X(T)]patients.METHODS:Fifty-sevenX(T)patientsand55normalsubjectswereenrolledinthisstudy.ThenormalandX(T)groupswereusedtotestthereproducibilityandreliabilityofthedynamicstereopsistest,andBangerterfilterswithdensitiesof0.2werethenusedtosimulatesuppressiontotestfortraditionalanddynamicstereopsis.IntheX(T)group,themeasurementsincluded1)dynamicstereopsistestcomprisingthreeparts:motion+disparity,motiononlyanddisparityonly;2)oculardeviationangle;3)Bagolinistriatedlenstest;4)diseasecourse;and5)Titmusstereopsistest.RESULTS:Thetest-retestreliabilityofthedynamicstereopsismethodwas0.901inthenormalandX(T)groups,andnoneoftheX(T)patientswereabletopassthestaticanddynamicstereopsistestsafterusingthe0.2Bangerterfilter.Theaccuracyratewasgreaterthan80%inthenormalgroupand31.81%,36.36%,and45.45%forthemotion+disparity,motion-onlyanddisparityonlycomponentsofthetraditionaltestforX(T)patientsdiagnosedwithstereoblindnessviatraditionaltests,respectively.Patientswithalongdiseasecourse(>1y)hadworsedynamicstereopsisthanthosewithashortdiseasecourse(<1y;P<0.05,Chi-squaretest).Thedeviationanglewasnotcorrelatedwiththemotion+disparity,disparityonly,orthemotion-onlytestcomponents(allP>0.05,Chisquaretest).CONCLUSION:DynamicstereopsisispreservedincertainX(T)patientsdiagnosedwithstereoblindnessviatraditionaltests.AlongdiseasecoursewasshowntobeanegativefactorfordynamicstereopsisinX(T)patientswhichmightbeassociatedwithworseprogression,andprovidegoodreferencesclinically.

简介：IntermittentPneumaticCompression(IPC)hasbeenusedsuccessfullyforthepreventionofearlypostoperativedeepveinthrombosis(DVT).RecentlyIPChasbeendescribedforthetreatmentoflymphedema,chronicedema,recoveryfromlowerextremityulcersandtheenhancementofwoundhealing.ForgoodapplicationsofIPCinclinic,itisnecessarytostudyitseffectivemechanismfurther.Wemeasuredsome

简介：Effectofintermittentirrigationontheproductionofpaddyricewasstudiedinawell-puddledpaddyfieldwithfourtreatmentsand2replicates:continuoufloodingirrigation(CFI),andintermittentirrigationⅡ-0，Ⅱ-1andⅡ-2,inwhichplantswerere-irrigatedwhenthesoilwaterpotentialfellbelow0,-10,and-20toabout-10or-20kPadidnotsignificantlyaffectthenumberofgrainsandthepercentageofripenedgrains.While,alowercropgrowthrate(CGR)resultedfromadecreaseinthenetassimilationrate(NAR)duringintermittentirrigationⅡ-1andⅡ-2,andtherewasalsoareductionintheleafareaindex(LAI)durinindtermittentirrigationⅡ-2.SenescenceoflowerleavesonstemswaspromotedintreatmentsⅡ-1andⅡ-2attheripeningstage.Earlysenescenceatripeningstageandwaterstressaroundmiddaydecreasedtherateofphotosynthesisinleaves,causingthelowerNAR,Thesephysiologicalresponsesoftheplantswereresponsibleforthereductioninthedrymatterproductionandgrainyieldintheintermmittentirrigationtreatments.

简介：Thispaperstudiesconsensusofaclassofheterogeneousmulti-agentsystemscomposedoffirst-orderandsecond-orderagentswithintermittentcommunication.Forleaderlessmulti-agentsystems,weproposeadistributedconsensusalgorithmbasedontheintermittentinformationofneighboringagents.Somesufficientconditionsareobtainedtoguaranteetheconsensusofheterogeneousmulti-agentsystemsintermsofbilinearmatrixinequalities(BMIs).Meanwhile,therelationshipbetweencommunicationdurationandeachcontrolperiodissoughtout.Moreover,thedesignedalgorithmisextendedtoleader-followingmulti-agentsystemswithoutvelocitymeasurements.Finally,theeffectivenessofthemainresultsisillustratedbynumericalsimulations.

简介：当前的学习建议一个新奇方法用胜过解答者估计从有限数据，在稻的庄稼系数(Kc)在断断续续的灌溉(II)下面回答。建议方法在在Karang莎丽服村庄进行的一个地实验被检验，Bekasi，韦斯特Java，印度尼西亚在在雨季的2007/2008(到2008年4月的2007年12月)的第一个米饭季节期间。作为控制，连续泛滥灌溉(CF)被用于常规米饭耕作领域。基于观察的水存储，为佼佼者解答者被用来估计庄稼土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量。估计的庄稼土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量被用来计算Kc价值，当时，在每个生长阶段的平均Kc价值为CF处理与那相比。评价方法被比较土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量由很好确定的粮农组织过程导出的估计的庄稼土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量和庄稼评估。胜过估计的庄稼土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量精确地比0.81高与R2珍视的解答者。因此，超过81%粮农组织庄稼土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量被建议方法描述。因此，Kc价值能很好从那些估计的庄稼土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量被决定。在II处理下面，平均Kc值是0.70，1.06，1.24和1.22为起始，庄稼开发，繁殖、迟了的阶段分别地。这些价值是比在CF处理为下面的那些低的起始并且因为最小的土壤蒸发和强烈的干，在这些阶段期间收割发展阶段。然而，在II处理下面的平均Kc价值比在在繁殖、迟了的阶段的CF处理下面的那些高，显示II处理支持了特别地为由每山的很多tillers显示了的干燥生物资源生产的更多的植物活动。

简介：DearEditor,WereadthearticlebyLeeetal~([1])withgreatinterest.Wewouldliketocongratulatetheauthorsforventuringintothisareathatassesstheconsecutiverecurrencefollowingearlysuccessofintermittentexotropia[X(T)]surgeryandtodeterminetheclinicalfactorsthataffectthesurvival.However,wewouldliketomakethefollowingcomments.Inthepresentstudy,itwasdiscussedaboutthecorrelationofearlypostoperativeovercorrectionwithlong-termoutcomes.ItisknownthatmostauthorswouldagreetoanearlypostoperativeovercorrectioninadultpatientswithX(T),the

简介：Background:Manydisease-specificfactorssuchasmuscularweakness,increasedmusclestiffness,varyingposturalstrategies,andchangesinposturalreflexeshavebeenshowntoleadtoposturalinstabilityandfallriskinpeoplewithParkinson'sdisease(PD).Recently,analyticaltechniques,inspiredbythedynamicalsystemsperspectiveonmovementcontrolandcoordination,havebeenusedtoexaminethemechanismsunderlyingthedynamicsofposturaldeclinesandtheemergenceofposturalinstabilitiesinpeoplewithPD.Methods:Awavelet-basedtechniquewasusedtoidentifylimitcycleoscillations(LCOs)intheanterior–posterior(AP)posturalswayofpeoplewithmildPD(n=10)comparedtoage-matchedcontrols(n=10).Participantsstoodonafoamandonarigidsurfacewhilecompletingadualtask(speaking).Results:Therewasnosignificantdifferenceintherootmeansquareofcenterofpressurebetweengroups.Threeoutof10participantswithPDdemonstratedLCOsonthefoamsurface,whilenoneinthecontrolgroupdemonstratedLCOs.AninvertedpendulummodelofbipedalstancewasusedtodemonstratethatLCOsoccurduetodisease-specificchangesassociatedwithPD:time-delayandneuromuscularfeedbackgain.Conclusion:Overall,theLCOanalysisandmathematicalmodelappeartocapturethesubtleposturalinstabilitiesassociatedwithmildPD.Inaddition,thesefindingsprovideinsightsintothemechanismsthatleadtotheemergenceofunstablepostureinpatientswithPD.

简介：Background:Apreviousstudyhasreporteda50%reductionindisuseatrophyofthequadricepsduringthefirst14daysafteranteriorcruciateligament(ACL)reconstruction.Afollow-uptrialisneededtoconfirmthesepromisingresults.ThepresentstudyaimstoinvestigatetheeffectofanocclusionstimulusonquadricepsatrophyafterACLreconstruction.Methods:Atotalof24subjectsparticipatedinthestudy.Theywererandomizedintotwogroups.Startingthe2nddayaftersurgery,theocclusiongroupreceivedanocclusionstimulusfor5min,followedbyremovaloftheocclusivepressurefor3min.Thiswasrepeatedfivetimesinonetrainingsession,twicedaily.Duringtheperiodofocclusivestimulus,thesubjectsperformed20lowloadexercisesforthequadriceps.Thecontrolgroupfollowedthesameexerciseprotocol,butwithouttheocclusionstimulus.Changesinquadricepsanatomicalcrosssectionarea(ACSA)weremeasuredusingaxialmagneticresonance(MR)imagesat40%and50%ofthelengthofthefemur.Results:BothgroupshadasignificantreductionofquadricepsACSAfrom2daysbeforesurgeryto16daysaftersurgery.Duringtheinterventionperiod,theocclusiongrouplost13.8%±1.1%(mean±SEM)andthecontrolgrouplost13.1%±1.0%oftheirquadricepsACSA,respectively.Therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweentheocclusionandcontrolgroupswithregardstoatrophyofthequadricepsmuscles.Conclusion:Inconflictwithotherstudiesusingasimilarprotocol,applicationofbloodflowrestrictionthefirst14daysafterACLreconstructiondidnotreducequadricepsACSAmuscleatrophymeasuredbyMRinapopulationofathletes.

简介：Sheng-Mai-San(SMS),awell-knownChinesemedicinalplantformula,iswidelyusedforthetreatmentofcardiacdiseasescharacterizedbydeficiencyofQiandYinsyndrome.Amousechronicintermittenthypoxia(CIH)modelwasestablishedtomimictheprimaryclinicalfeaturesofdeficiencyofQiandYinsyndrome.MiceexperiencedCIHfor28days(nadir7%topeak8%oxygen,20minperday),resultinginleftventricle(LV)dysfunctionandstructureabnormalities.AfteradministrationofSMS(0.55,1.1,and5.5g·kg-1·d-1)forfourweeks,improvedcardiacfunctionwasobserved,asindicatedbytheincreaseintheejectionfractionfromtheLVonechocardiography.SMSalsopreservedthestructuralintegrityoftheLVagainsteccentrichypotrophy,tissuevacuolization,andmitochondrialinjuryasmeasuredbyhistology,electronmicroscopy,andultrasoundassessments.Mechanistically,theantioxidanteffectsofSMSweredemonstrated;SMSwasabletosuppressmitochondrialapoptosisasindicatedbythereductionofseveralpro-apoptoticfactors(Bax,cytochromec,andcleavedcaspase-3)andup-regulationoftheanti-apoptosisfactorBcl-2.Inconclusion,theseresultsdemonstratethatSMStreatmentcanprotectthestructureandfunctionoftheLVandthattheprotectiveeffectsofthisformulaareassociatedwiththeregulationofthemitochondrialapoptosispathway.

简介：Leftbundlebranchblock(LBBB),traditionallyviewedasanelectrophysiologicabnormality,isincreasinglyrecognizedforitseffectsonhemodynamicsandpatient’sprognosis[1].Exercisenuclearstudiesfrequentlyshowreversibleperfusiondefectsintheabsenceofobstructivecoronaryarterydisease[2]andsomepatientswithintermittentLBBBdevelopanginacoincidentwiththeonsetofLBBB[3].WereportacaseofintermittentLBBBwithabnormalstresstechnetium99mTcsingle-photonemissioncomputedtomography(SPECT)studyandnormalcoronaryarteryangiography.

简介：Objective:Thissystematicreviewaimedtocriticallyanalyzetheliteraturetodeterminehowhigh-intensityintermittenttraining(HIIT)affectsrecreationalendurancerunnersintheshort-andlong-term.Methods:ElectronicdatabasesweresearchedforliteraturedatingfromJanuary2000toOctober2015.Thesearchwasconductedusingthekeywords'high-intensityintermittenttraining'or'high-intensityintervalexercise'or'intervalrunning'or'sprintintervaltraining'and'endurancerunners'or'longdistancerunners'.Asystematicapproachwasusedtoevaluatethe783articlesidentifiedforinitialreview.StudieswereincludediftheyinvestigatedHIITinrecreationalendurancerunners.ThemethodologicalqualityofthestudieswasevaluatedusingthePhysiotherapyEvidenceDatabase(PEDro)scale(forinterventionstudies)andthemodifiedDownsandBlackQualityIndex(forcross-sectionalstudies).Results:Twenty-threestudiesmettheinclusionarycriteriaforreview.Theresultsarepresentedin2parts:cross-sectional(n=15)andinterventionstudies(n=8).Inthe15cross-sectionalstudiesselected,endurancerunnersperformedatleast1HIITprotocol,andtheacuteimpactonphysiological,neuromuscular,metabolicand/orbiomechanicalvariableswasassessed.Interventionstudieslastedaminimumof4weeks,with10weeksbeingthelongestinterventionperiod,andincluded2to4HIITsessionsperweek.MostofthesestudiescombinedHIITsessionswithcontinuousrun(CR)sessions;2studies’subjectsperformedHIITexclusively.Conclusion:HIIT-basedrunningplans(2to3HIITsessionsperweek,combiningHIITandCRruns)showathleticperformanceimprovementsinendurancerunnersbyimprovingmaximaloxygenuptakeandrunningeconomyalongwithmuscularandmetabolicadaptations.Tomaximizetheadaptationstotraining,bothHIITandCRmustbepartoftrainingprogramsforendurancerunners.

简介：AbstractBackground:The programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) technique is widely used in labor analgesia, but the parameter settings of PIEB have not yet been standardized. We designed a study to identify the optimal interval duration for PIEB using 10 mL of ropivacaine 0.08% and sufentanyl 0.3 μg/mL, a regimen commonly used to control labor pain in China, to provide effective analgesia in 90% of women during the first stage of labor without breakthrough pain.Methods:We conducted a double-blind sequential allocation trial to obtain the effective interval 90% (EI90%) during the first stage of labor between April 2019 and May 2019. This study included the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II–III nulliparous parturients at term, who requested epidural analgesia. The bolus volume was fixed at 10 mL of ropivacaine 0.08% with sufentanyl 0.3 μg/mL. Participants were divided into four groups (groups 60, 50, 40, and 30) according to the PIEB intervals (60, 50, 40, and 30 min, respectively). The interval duration of the first parturient was set at 60 min and that of subsequent parturients varied according to a biased-coin design. The truncated Dixon and Mood method and the isotonic regression analysis method were used to estimate the EI90% and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:Forty-four women were enrolled in this study. The estimated optimal interval was 44.1 min (95% CI 41.7–46.5 min) and 39.5 min (95% CI 32.5–50.0 min), using the truncated Dixon and Mood method and isotonic regression analysis, respectively. The maximum sensory block level above T6 was in nearly 20% of parturients in group 30; however, 5.3%, 0%, and 0% of the parturients presented with sensory block level above T6 in groups 40, 50, and 60, respectively. There were no cases of hypotension and only one parturient complained of motor block.Conclusion:With a fixed 10 mL dose of ropivacaine 0.08% with sufentanyl 0.3 μg/mL, the optimal PIEB interval is about 42 min. Further studies are warranted to define the efficacy of this regimen throughout all stages of labor.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900022199; http://www.chictr.org.cn/com/25/historyversionpuben. aspx?regno=ChiCTR1900022199.