简介:TheequatorialresponsetosubtropicalPacificforcingwasstudiedinacoupledclimatemodel.Theforcingsinthewestern,centralandeasternsubtropicalPacificallcausedasignificantresponseintheequatorialthermocline,withcomparablemagnitudes.Thisworkhighlightsthekeyroleofair–seacouplinginthesubtropicalimpactontheequatorialthermocline,insteadofonlytheroleofthe"oceanictunnel".Thesuggestedmechanismisthatthecyclonic(anticyclonic)circulationintheatmospherecausedbythesubtropicalsurfacewarming(cooling)cangenerateananomalousupwelling(downwelling)intheinteriorregion.Atthesametime,ananomalousdownwelling(upwelling)occursattheequatorwardflankoftheforcing,whichproducesanomalousthermoclinewarming(cooling),propagatingequatorwardandresultinginwarming(cooling)intheequatorialthermocline.Thisisanindirectprocessthatismuchfasterthanthe"oceanictunnel"mechanisminthesubtropicalimpactontheequator.
简介:QBO-likeOscillationsInducedbyLocalThermalForcingZhangDaizhou;(张代洲),andQinin(秦瑜)(DepartmentofGeophysics,PekingUniversity,Beiji...
简介:在大气的低频率的波浪上的海洋的强迫的效果(LFW为短)在海洋和空气分别地作为一个独立系统被拿的地方,在热带被分析。在这里,海洋的效果作为蒸发风反馈是parameterized(EWF为短)并且SST强迫。在EWF的调整下面,没有EWF,从那SST戏强迫一个不同角色因此LFW是diabatic飘动,由多重因素的相互作用强迫了,在热带。关键词大气的LFW-海洋的强迫-EWF-放射的冷却-SST这份报纸被鈥?首先支持海洋的科学,州的海洋的管理,地球物理的液体动力学的国家重点实验室和数字建模鈥的研究所?
简介:Thispaperpresentsastudyondragcoefficientsundertyphoonwindforcingbasedonobservationsandnumericalexperiments.ThefrictionvelocityandwindspeedaremeasuredatamarineobservationplatformintheSouthChinaSea.Threetyphoons:SOULIK(2013),TRAMI(2013)andFITOW(2013)areobservedatabuoystationinthenortheastseaareaofPingtanIsland.Anewparameterizationisformulatedforthewinddragcoefficientasafunctionofwindspeed.Itisfoundthatthedragcoefficient(Cd)increaseslinearlywiththeslopeof0.083?10?3forwindspeedlessthan24ms?1.Toinvestigatethedragcoefficientunderhigherwindconditions,threenumericalexperimentsareimplementedforthesethreetyphoonsusingSWANwavemodel.Thewindinputdataareobjectivereanalysisdatasets,whichareassimilatedwithmanysourcesandprovidedeverysixhourswiththeresolutionof0.125°×0.125°.Thenumericalsimulationresultsshowagoodagreementwithwaveobservationdataundertyphoonwindforcing.Theresultsindicatethatthedragcoefficientlevelsoffwiththelinearslopeof0.012?10?3forhigherwindspeeds(lessthan34ms?1)andthenewparameterizationimprovesethesimulationaccuracycomparedwiththeWu(1982)defaultusedinSWAN.
简介:在过去20一,在Beibu海湾的海湾规模发行量通常被接受了被一个风压力或密度坡度驱使。然而,基于被观察验证的一个三维的baroclinic模型使用三个敏感实验,形成机制被揭示:在北Beibu海湾的发行量被季风风在整个一年触发;而南部的海湾发行量被季风风和华南海(SCS)驾驶在冬季和夏天的循环分别地。热流动和潮汐的泛音的力量在力量和范围,以及本地发行量结构,而是这些因素没影响的发行量上有强壮的效果在Beibu海湾的主要发行量结构。在另一方面,因为季节的thermocline层被热的输入产生以便在上面的热水和更低的冷水之间的垂直混合被堵住,没有热流动的力量,Beibu海湾冷水团(BGCWM)将消失。另外,在北海湾的导致风的气旋的旋回对BGCWM的存在有利。然而,没有潮汐的泛音的力量,BGCWM的范围区域稍微被增加。当模型被强迫的每月平均的表面驾驶时,发行量结构被改变到某程度,和几乎百分之百向外扩大的BGCWM的范围区域,暗示在Beibu海湾的发行量和水质量对表面力量的时间的决定的有的强壮的回答。
简介:这研究模仿有效放射的强迫(小块土地)tropospheric,从1850~2013的臭氧和它用联合的喷雾器气候的全球气候上的效果当模特儿,电子消息传输方式AGCM2.0.1CUACE/Aero,在有OMI(臭氧监视仪器)的联合卫星臭氧数据。根据OMI观察,全球年度吝啬的tropospheric列臭氧(TCO)是在2013的33.9杜,并且最大的TCO在在30tpatient和电子邮件问询表之间的带是分布式的,由临床/生物化学的参数/肝组织病理学说支持了。除了一个的ResultsAll是男性,与46.9les和二女性,的吝啬的年龄从K的年龄46lfatase。lactis为风味产生真正负责。在这研究,我们从K克隆通常认为的arylsulfatase基因。lactisGG799进商业地可得到的向量pKLAC2。选择的克隆的策略导致了相应、能分泌的e鴄?鴄吗??
简介:TheforcingofanomalousdivergentwindandtransientvorticityfluxestotheanomalyofstationarywavesofDJF(December—January—February)1982/1983isstudied.Theresultsshowthattheanomalyofthetransientvorticityfluxconvergencetendstocancelordissipatetheanomalyofthevorticitysourcesgeneratedbydivergentwind.Thestationarywaveanomaliesaremaintainedbybothoftheseforcings.Itisalsofoundthat,fortheDJF1982/1983case,bothofthevorticitysourceanomalyoverthetropicalandequatorialeasternPacificandthatoverthemidlatitudeNorthPacificareimportanttomaintaintheatmosphericcirculationanomalyoverthePacific/NorthAmericaregion.
简介:Inordertomakefurtherstepsindealingwithclimatechange,Chinaproposedtopeakcarbondioxideemissionsbyabout2030andtomakebesteffortsforthepeakingearly.Thecarbonemissionpeaktarget(CEPT)mustresultinaforcingmechanismonChina’seconomictransition.Thispaper,byfollowingthelogicalorderfrom'researchoncarbonemissionhistory'to'carbonemissiontrendprediction,'from'researchonpathsofrealizingpeak'to'peakrestraintresearch,'providesageneralreviewofcurrentstatusanddevelopmenttrendofresearchesonChina’scarbonemissionanditspeakvalue.Furthermore,thispaperalsoreviewsthebasictheoriesandspecificcasesoftheforcingmechanism.Basedontheexistingachievementsanddevelopmenttrendsinthisfield,thefollowingresearchdirectionsthatcanbefurtherexpandedareputforward.First,fromtheperspectiveoflong-termstrategyofsustainabledevelopment,weshouldanalyzeandconstructtheforcingmechanismofCEPTinareversethinkingway.Second,economictransitionpathsundertheforcingmechanismshouldbesystematicallystudied.Third,byconstructingalarge-scalepolicyevaluationmodel,theemissionreductionperformanceandeconomicimpactofaseriesofpolicymeasuresadoptedduringthetransitionprocessshouldbequantitativelyevaluated.
简介:动态、数字的方法被用来热强迫讨论大气的反应到SST。结果表演为行星的规模系统,热强迫能快速激动的站的SST稳定的大气的平衡状态回答,它被明显的大规模电视连接摆动在东方西方和南方北方方向描绘。为摘要的规模系统,SST热强迫主要使大气的低频率的摆动激动。在SST之间的某基本关系和动态过程热强迫和大气的反应模式被揭示,一些新观点被介绍。
简介:NumercialsimulationofseasurfacedirectionalwavespectraundertyphoonwindforcingintheSouthChinaSea(SCS)wascarreidoutusingtheWAVEWATCH-IIIwavemodel.Thesimulationwasrunfor210huntiltheTyphoonDamrey(2005)approachedVietnam.Thesimulateddatawerecomparedwithbuoyobservations,whichwereobtainedinthenorthwestseaareaofHainanIsland.Theresultsshowthatthesignificantwaveheight,wavedirection,wavelengthandfrequencyspetraagreewellwithbuoyobservations.Thespatialcharacteristicsofthesignifciantwaveheight,meanwaveperiod,meanwavelength,waveageanddirectionalspectradependontherelativepositionfromthetyphooncenter.Also,themisalignmentbetweenlocalwindandwavedirectionswereinvestigated.
简介:Inthispaper,wecombinethedirect-forcingfictitiousdomain(DF/FD)methodandthesharpinterfacemethodtoresolvetheproblemofparticledielectrophoresisintwodimensions.TheflowfieldandthemotionofparticlesaresolvedwiththeDF/FDmethod,theelectricfieldissolvedwiththesharpinterfacemethod,andtheelectrostaticforceontheparticlesiscomputedusingtheMaxwellstresstensormethod.Theproposedmethodisvalidatedviathreeproblems:effectiveconductivityofparticlecompositebetweentwoplanarplates,celltrappinginachannel,andmotionofparticlesduetobothconventionalandtravelingwavedielectrophoreticforces.
简介:最早三叠纪的Yinkeng形成在著名Meishan节被暴露,华南,它为二叠三叠纪的边界(PTB)包含节和点(GSSP)的全球Stratotype。它记录有韵律的引申主要由marlstone和石灰石包括了的厘米规模。在捆的五种类型嵌入的两行诗的七种类型基于lithologic单位的出现和厚度被认出,建议他们的形成被周期的过程控制。观察的周期的各种各样的订单相关很好,另外的早三叠纪的对应物在华南记录了。这里,我们现在的新cyclostratigraphic基于lithologic厚度和Yinkeng形成的相对碳酸盐内容结果。碳酸盐内容的力量系列证明在整个形成认出的主要波长的比率类似于100kyr的短怪癖,33kyr斜,和21kyr领前周期,显示天体的信号在最早三叠纪的有韵律的继任被记录。在从费歇尔阴谋获得的显著lithologicrhythmicity和海平面的变化之间的坚固性显示高周波的气候的周期可能在PTB集体扑灭以后立即驾驶了海平面的变化。而且,从沉积记录解释的海平面的变化与100kyr匹配很好的4th顺序碳酸盐内容的短怪癖部件,思考短导致怪癖的气候改变的100kyr可能多半控制了4th顺序序列的免职,这从有韵律的继任认出了。
简介:学习调查了效果全球在东亚的在气候上的由于碳的喷雾器的直接放射的强迫,使用CAM3由NCAR发展了。结果证明碳的喷雾器引起在在TOA并且在所有天空条件下面的在表面的弱否定强迫强迫的晴朗天空条件,而是positive下面的在空气(TOA)和表面的顶的否定强迫。因此,云能改变符号在TOA的直接放射的强迫,并且削弱在表面强迫。碳的喷雾器在东亚在夏天气候上有不同效果。在南部的中国和印度,它引起了到增加,而是全部的云量和降水的地面温度减少。然而,相反的效果为大多数北中国和孟加拉国被引起。在碳的喷雾器在这模拟引起的温度,垂直速度,和表面流速及流水量给变化,碳的喷雾器能也导致夏天降水在南部的中国减少,但是在北中国增加。
简介:TheInternationalCentreforTheoreticalPhysics(ICTP,Italy)RegionalClimateModelversion3.0(RegCM3)isusedtosimulatespatio-temporaldistributioncharacteristicsandradiativeforcing(RF)oforganiccarbon(OC)aerosolsinandaroundChina.ThepreliminarysimulationresultsshowthatOCaerosolsaremostlyconcentratedintheareatothesouthofYellowRiverandeastofTibetanPlateau.ThereisadecreasingtrendofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsfromsouthtonorthinChina.ThemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsisabove3mg/m2andlocatedinthecentralandsouthernChina,southeasternTibet,andsouthwesternChina’sYunnan,Guizhou,Sichuanprovinces.ThesimulationontheseasonalvariationshowsthatthemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsappearsinwinterandthesecondaryvalueisinspringandtheminimuminsummer.TheRFofOCaerosolswhichvariesseasonallyisnegativeatthetopoftheatmosphere(TOA)andsurface.Thespatio-temporalcharacteristicsoftheRFofOCaerosolsarebasicallyconsistentwiththatofIPCC,implyingthehighaccuracyoftheparameterizationschemeforOCaerosolsinRegCM3.
简介:为学习在地区性的规模上的人为的硫酸盐和气候的反应的放射的强迫的三个主要方法,与为到硫酸盐的transformingSO_2的给定的率,第一把实际上释放的SO_2正在变换成硫酸盐并且由在气候模型计算转移方程获得硫酸盐的分发。第二在在网上结合的地区性的气候模型通过事的化学反应和转移正在获得硫酸盐分发为硫化物包括完整的化学反应的一个大气的化学模型。Thethird是把硫酸盐分发数据放从GCM和它的联合大气的化学模型到地区性的气候模型,它是因此调用了离线的联合方法。是出现在比较在之间在网上并且脱机在地区性的规模上当模特儿,硫酸盐的放射的气候效果从各种各样的方法由于重要影响显示出大不确定性。
简介:Dynamicfluid-solidinteractionsarewidelyfoundinchemicalengineering,suchasinparticle-ladenflows,whichusuallycontaincomplexmovingboundaries.Theimmersedboundarymethod(IBM)isaconvenientapproachtohandlefluid-solidinteractionswithcomplexgeometries.Inthiswork,Uhlmann’sdirect-forcingIBMisimprovedandimplementedonasupercomputerwithCPU-GPUhybridarchitecture.Thedirect-forcingIBMismodifiedasfollows:thePoisson’sequationforpressureissolvedbeforeevaluationofthebodyforce,andtheforceisonlydistributedtotheCartesiangridsinsidetheimmersedboundary.Amultidirectforcingschemeisusedtoevaluatethebodyforce.Thesemodificationsresultinadivergence-freeflowfieldinthefluiddomainandtheno-slipboundaryconditionattheimmersedboundarysimultaneously.Thismethodisimplementedinanexplicitfinite-differencefractional-stepscheme,andvalidatedby2Dsimulationsoflid-drivencavityflow,Couetteflowbetweentwoconcentriccylindersandflowoveracircularcylinder.Finally,themethodisusedtosimulatethesedimentationoftwocircularparticlesinachannel.Theresultsagreeverywellwithpreviousexperimentalandnumericaldata,andaremoreaccuratethantheconventionaldirect-forcingmethod,especiallyinthevicinityofamovingboundary.
简介:这研究检验云放射的强迫(CRF)在亚洲季风区域(0°50°N-60°150°E)在气候变化(IPCC)上由Intergovernmental面板模仿了第四个评价报告(AR4)AMIP模型。在北方的冬季期间,没有模型写实地复制更大的长波浪的云放射的强迫(LWCF)在西藏上,高原(TP)和仅仅几个模型相当捕获更大的短波CRF(SWCF)到TP的东方。在北方的夏天期间,为在活跃对流区域的模仿的CRF的中央地点和紧张有更大的偏爱。CRF偏爱是仔细与在模型的降雨偏爱有关。定量分析进一步显示在模仿的CRF和观察之间的关联不高,并且在SWCF的偏爱和差异在LWCF比那大。在东亚上的模仿的CRF的年度周期(0°50°N,100°145°E)也被检验。尽管许多模型在热带捕获基本年度周期,到在早春的TP开始的东方的强壮的LWCF和SWCF被大多数模型低估。总体上,GFDL-CM2.1,MPI-ECHAM5,UKMO-HadGAM1,和MIROC3.2(med物件)在亚洲季风区域为CRF模拟表现很好,并且多模型整体(MME)在单个模拟上改进了结果。加强在TP上包含的物理parameterizations,并且改进积云传送对流处理,模型实验设计对在亚洲季风区域的CRF模拟关键,这被建议。
简介:Thegeneralprinciplefortumorcellstoescapefromimmunesurveillanceistopreventtumorantigensfrombeingrecognizedbytheimmunesystem.Manymethodshavebeendevelopedtoincreasetheimmunogenecityofthetumorcells.Themostefficientmethodsareabletoforcetumorcellstopresenttheirowntumorantigenstotheimmunesystem.StimulatingThcellsbyconvertingtumorcellsintoMHCclassⅡ+/Ii-antigenpresentingcellsisoneofthemostefficienttechnologies.Usingantisensemethods,wesuppresstheexpressionoftheIiproteinthatnormallyco-expresseswithMHCclassⅡmoleculesandblockstheantigenicpeptidebindingsiteofMHCclassⅡmoleculesduringsynthesisintheendoplasmicreticulum.Insuchtumorcells,the'unprotected'MHCclassⅡmoleculespickupendogenoustumorantigenicpeptides,whichhavebeentransportedintotheERforbindingtoMHCclassⅠmolecules.SimultaneouspresentationoftumorantigensbybothMHCclassⅠandⅡmoleculesgeneratesarobustandlong-lastinganti-tumorimmuneresponse.MHCclassⅡ+/Ii-tumorcellsarepotenttumorcellvaccinesandalsocureasignificantnumberofanimalswithrenalandprostatetumors.Wehavedevelopedanalogoushumangenevectorsthataresuitableformostpatientsandcancers.