简介：TheextinctionofaclassofsuperprocessesassociatedwithgeneralbranchingcharacteristicsandunderlyingMarkovprocessesisinvestigted,Theextinctioniscloselyassociatedwiththebranchingcharacteristicsandtherecurrenceandtransienceofunderlyingprocesses.

简介：

简介：一个周期的游戏系统的co进化的动力学为三种与不均匀的率在一个二维的方形的格子被调查。与混合得好的系统，共存和扑灭不同，在系统或者出现一零一个“行为为一种小人口尺寸是柔韧的，而，系统被共存为一张大人口支配一个。我们详细关于变化学习影响到状态的变化，并且发现关于变化和平均紧张的最大的振幅之间的差别决定系统最终是哪个状态。另外，我们介绍Potts精力解释原因零一个“行为。平均Potts精力每地点是距离到，这被显示出零一个“在模型的行为。

简介：Weconsiderapopulation-size-dependentbranchingchaininageneralrandomenvironment.Wegivesuffcidentconditionsforcertainextinctionandfornon-certainextinction.Thechainexhibitsdifferentasymptoticaccordingtosupk,θmk,θ<1,mk,θn→1ask→∞,n→∞,infk,θmk,θ>1.

简介：Inthispaper,weaimatdynamicalbehaviorsofastochasticSISepidemicmodelwithdoubleepidemichypothesis.Sufficientconditionsfortheextinctionandpersistenceinmeanarederivedviaconstructingsuitablefunctions.WeobtainathresholdofstochasticSISepidemicmodel,whichdetermineshowthediseasesspreadwhenthewhitenoisesaresmall.Numericalsimulationsareusedtoillustratetheefficiencyofthemainresultsofthisarticle.

简介：在这篇文章，population-size-dependent两性恋者Galton-Watson过程被考虑。在交配功能和后代分发上的一些合适的条件下面，吝啬的生长率的限制的存在每交配联合起来被证明。并且基于限制，识别这个过程是否承认的一个标准最终与概率绝灭一个人被获得。

简介：Inthispaper,amultidimensionaltuningmethodofthesilicamicrocapillaryresonator(MCR)isproposedanddemonstratedwherebytheextinctionratio(ER)aswellastheresonantwavelengthcanbeindividuallycontrolled.AnERtuningrangeofupto17dBandamaximumtuningsensitivityof0.3dB/μmarerealizedduetothetaperedprofileofthesilicaopticalmicrofiber(MF)whentheMFisadjustedalongitsaxialdirection.Comparedtodirecttuningofthecouplinggap,thismethodcouldlowertherequirementfortheresolutionofdisplacementstagetomicrometers.WhentheMFisadjustedalongtheaxialdirectionofthesilicamicrocapillary,aresonanceshiftof3.06nmandmaximumtuningsensitivityof0.01nm/μmareachieved.Thismethodavoidstheuseofanappliedexternalfieldtocontrolthesilicamicroresonators.Moreover,whenairisreplacedbyethanolandwaterinthecoreofthesilicamicrocapillary,amaximumresonanceshiftof5.22nmisalsoachievedtofurtherenlargetheresonancetuningrange.Finally,amicrobubbleresonatorwithahigherQfactorisalsofabricatedtoachieveanERtuningrangeof8.5dB.OurmethodfullytakesadvantageoftheuniquestructureoftheMCRtoseparatelyandeasilytuneitskeyparameters,andmaybroadenitsapplicationsinopticalsignalprocessingandsensing.

简介：AprototypeRamanlidarwasdesignedformonitoringtroposphericCO_2profileandotherscientificin-vestigations.ThethirdharmonicofNd:YAGlaser(354.7-nmwavelength)wasusedasstimulatedlightsourcetoprovidenighttimemeasurements.FilterwithhighrejectionratioperformancewasusedtoextractCO_2RamansignalsfromRayleigh-Miescatteringsignalseffectively.Toimprovetherealtimemonitoringfunction,atwo-channelsignalcollectionsystemwasdesignedtocollectCO_2andN_2Ramanscatteringsig-nalssimultaneously.TheN_2Ramanscatteringsignalswereusedtoretrieveaerosolextinctioncoefficient.TypicalfeaturesofCO_2concentrationprofileandaerosolextinctioncoefficientinHefeiwerepresented.ThemixingratioofatmosphericCO_2inHefeicanreachabout360-400ppmv.

简介：

简介：在这篇论文，我们在一个维的空间的无限的补丁上为单个种导出一个格子模型与成熟能发生在任何年龄。明确的表达包含生态的假设在上被做的成熟和概率密度功能的可能的年龄的分布。下列结果被获得：起始的值问题，提供积极equilibria的不存在的种类的扑灭，和有波浪的波前的存在的唯一的非否定的解决方案的存在和isotropy加速c>c_*。

简介：有不同方面比率的金nanorods用一个播种生长方法在micells被准备。他们的扑灭系列与一个紫外可见分光光度计被观察并且理论上分析了。分别地为相应于横向、纵的电浆子回声的金nanorod有二座电浆子回声山峰，这被知道。而且，当我们增加从TEM决定的方面比率时，纵的电浆子回声山峰变到长波长。特别，我们为使用的光谱轧了的扑灭建模是理论并且把它与我们的试验性的结果作比较。就金nanorods的方面收音机分发而言，纵的电浆子回声山峰将是比有单个方面比率的nanorods宽的，这被发现，它与我们的试验性的结果一致。另外，包围媒介经常的电介质的效果被考虑。

简介：Theextinctionphenomenoninducedbymultiplicativenon-GaussianL′evynoiseinatumorgrowthmodelwithimmuneresponseisdiscussed.Undertheinfluenceofthestochasticimmunerate,themodelisanalyzedintermsofastochasticdifferentialequationwithmultiplicativenoise.BymeansofthetheoryoftheinfinitesimalgeneratorofHuntprocesses,theescapeprobability,whichisusedtomeasurethenoise-inducedextinctionprobabilityoftumorcells,isexplicitlyexpressedasafunctionofinitialtumorcelldensity,stabilityindexandnoiseintensity.Basedonthenumericalcalculations,itisfoundthatfordifferentinitialdensitiesoftumorcells,noiseparametersplayoppositerolesontheescapeprobability.Theoptimallyselectedvaluesofthemultiplicativenoiseintensityandthestabilityindexarefoundtomaximizetheescapeprobability.

简介：Afteraslowrecoveryfromtheend-PermianextinctionduringtheEarlyTriassicandrapidradiationintheMiddleTriassic,evolutionoforganismsreachedanewpeakphaseintheLateTriassic.TheGuanlingBiotafromtheWayaoMember(conodontParagondolellapolygnathiformisZone),FalangFormation,Xinpu,GuanlingCounty,GuizhouProvince,southwesternChinacorrespondstothispeakthatmarksthefullrecoveryfromtheend-Permianextinctionofmarineecosystems.Thebiotaisofhighdiversity,containingwellpreservedandcompletelyarticulatedskeletonsofvertebratescomprisingmarinereptiles,fishes,andinvertebratesincludingcrinoids,ammonites,bivalves,andotherfossils,andisoneofthebestexamplesofmarineecosystemrecordsinlifehistory.Thefossilmarinereptilesandcrinoidsaremostsignificantinthisbiota,especiallythemarinereptiles,whichprovideanimportantlinkbetweentheTriassicPacificandTethys,andbetweenTriassicbasalformsandtheJurassic-Cretaceousmarinetoppredators.Themostremarkablefossilsarethelargecompletelyarticulatedichthyosaurskeletonsuptoandmorethan10m,andthefirstrecordedthalattosaursandplacodontsinChina.Followingourreview,ofthe17namedreptiliantaxatheeightlistedhereareconsideredtobevalid:threeichthyosaurs(QianichthyosauruszhouiLi,1999;GuizhouichthyosaurustangaeCaoandLuoinYinetal.,2000,GuanlingsaurusliangaeYininYinetal.,2000),threethalattosaurs(AnshunsaurushuangguoshuensisLiu,1999,XinpusaurussuniYininYinetal.,2000,XinpusauruskohiJiangetal.,2004),andtwoplacodonts(SinocyamodusxinpuensisLi,2000,PsephochelyspolyosteodermaLiandRieppel,2002).MixosaurusguanlingensisCaoinYinetal.,2000mightbeajuniorsynonymofQianichthyosauruszhouiLi,1999,andCymbospondylusasiaticusLiandYou,2002andPanjiangsaurusepicharisChenandCheng,2003mightbejuniorsynonymsofGuizhouichthyosaurustangaeCaoandLuoinYinetal.,2000.Itneedstore-describethehol

简介：在西安，长期的变化和关系从2001-2004基于从1980-2002获得的每日的可见性数据和空气污染索引数据因为每天水平的扑灭系数和PM_(10)的集体集中被评估了。一个减少的趋势在过去的23年期间在水平扑灭系数被发现，与更高的价值相对1990年代的观察in1980s，和在冬季和夏天的最高、最低的价值分别地。重要关联和类似的季节的变化在水平扑灭系数和PM_(10)集中之间存在，建议到在在在过去的二十年期间的华中的Guanzhong平原的一个地点的可见性落下的PM_(10)的高影响。