简介：底层的wettability和粗糙在无柄的微滴的蒸发对接触角度和三阶段的接触线的进化关键。在这份报纸，由在nanoscale为微滴蒸发执行分子的动力学模拟，我们证明wettability比粗糙更重要。为光滑的底层，nanodroplet的蒸发行为在宏观的规模类似于那。这类似也在不平的吸水的底层的情况中被观察。为不平的恐水病的底层，然而，卡住的经常的接触角度和接触线在蒸发期间接着出现。这建议恐水病的底层的粗糙为蒸发技术在是有用的在nanoscale自己组装。

简介：Amodificationofthetransitionstatetheoryforevaporationandcondensationispresentedbyanalysingthekineticcharacteristicsofliquid-vapourinterphasetransport.Inthemodifiedtransitionstatetheory,themovingorientationofmoleculesisintroducedintothecalculationofthefreevolumeoftheactivatedcomplex.Thecondensationcoefficientsofargonatdifferenttemperaturesarecalculatedwiththemodifiedtransitionstatetheory.Theresultsagreewellwiththosefrommoleculardynamicssimulations.

简介：Thevolumeexpansionofthestuff(e.g.tobaccostem)isofgreatimportancetoanincreaseintheproductqualityandadecreaseintheproductioncost.Thispaterputsforwardthebasicconfigurationandtheexpansionmechanismofanewtypeofjetpressurizationevaporationexpansionapparatur.Bythethermodynamiccalculationoftheapparatus,wegivevariationsinsteampressureonvariouscrosssectionsoftheflowsystemfortheapparatus,manufactureasamplemachine,andfinishruntestsofthemachine.Thetestresultsshowthattheapparatusmaymaketherelativeincreaseinfillvalueoftobaccostemhigherthan75%,andmaycausethesteamconsumptionrequiredintheexpansionprocessofeachkilogramstemtoreducedabout40%comparedwithconventionalexpansionapparatus.Additionally,theconfigurationoftheapparatusissimpleandsmall,itscostofmanufactureisverylow,andbothitsoperationandmaintenanceareextremelyconvenient.

简介：Evaporationofsessilewaterdropletonpolydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)surfaceswiththreedi?erentcuringratios(5:1,10:1,and20:1)wasexperimentallyinvestigatedinthispaper.Weshowthattheconstantcontactradius(CCR)evaporationonsurfacewithhighcuringratiolastslongerthanthatwithlowcuringratio.WealsomeasuredYoung’smoduliofPDMSfilmsbyusingatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)andsimulatedsurfacedeformationofPDMSfilmsinducedbysessilewaterdroplet.WithincreasingcuringratioofPDMSfilm,Young’smodulusofPDMSfilmisgettinglower,andthentherewillbelargersurfacedeformationandmoreelasticstoredenergy.Sincesuchenergyactsasabarriertokeepthethree-phasecontactlinepinned,thusitwillresultinlongerCCRevaporationonPDMSsurfacewithhighercuringratio.

简介：本文研究了过滤式阴极电弧沉积方法获得的类金刚石薄膜．实验研究电弧的稳定性和探针电流与沉积参数的关系，并系统研究了膜层的性能．膜层的摩擦性能也得到了研究．

简介：Modifiedrefractivity(M)profileisanimportantparametertodescribetheatmosphericrefractionenvironment,aswellasakeyfactorinuniquelyevaluatingelectromagneticpropagationeffects.Inordertoimprovethemodel-derivedMprofileinstable(especiallyverystable)conditions,threenonlinearsimilarityfunctions,namelyBH91,CB05,SHEBA07,areintroducedinthispapertoimprovetheoriginalBabin_V25model,andtheperformancesofthesemodifiedmodelsareverifiedbasedonthehydrometeorologicalobservationsfromtowerplatforms,whicharefinallycomparedwiththeoriginalBabin_V25modelandLocal_HYQ92model.Resultsshowthatintroducingnonlinearsimilarityfunctionscansignificantlyimprovethemodel-derivedMprofile;especially,thenewlydevelopedSHEBA07functionsmanagetoreducethepredictedrootmeansquare(rms)differencesofMandMslope(forboth0-5mand5-40m)by64.5%,16.6%,and60.4%,respectivelyinstableconditions.Unfortunately,thisimprovedmethodreactslittleontheevaporationductheight;incontrast,Local_HYQ92modeliscapableofreducingthepredictedrmsdifferencesofM,Mslope(forboth0-5mand5-40m),andevaporationductheightby76.7%,40.2%,83.7%,and58.0%respectively.Finally,anewrecommendationismadetoapplyLocal_HYQ92andBabin_SHEBA07inverystableconditionsconsideringthatMslopeismoreimportantthanevaporationductheightandabsoluteMvalueinuniquelydeterminingelectromagneticpropagationeffects.

简介：Manystudieshaveinvestigatedevaporationofsessiledropsinanattempttounderstandtheeffectofwettingontheevaporationprocess.Recentlyinteresthasalsoincreasedinthedepositionofparticlesfromsuchdrops,withevaporativemassfluxbeingdeemedtoberesponsibleforring-likedeposits,andcounteractionofthemassfluxbyMarangoniconvectionexplainingmoreuniformdepositionpatterns.Understandingofsuchdepositionprocessesisimportantinbiologicalapplications,suchastheLitostest-systemendorsedbytheRussianMinistryofHealthfordiagnosisofurolithiasisandtheevaporationofcolloidaldropsfordepositingandorganizingproteinsandDNA.Inmostcaseswheredepositionfromevaporatingdropshasbeenstudied,velocityinformationisinferredfromthefinaldepositionpatternorfrommathematicalmodelingbasedonsimplifiedmodelsofthephysicsoftheevaporationprocess.Inthisstudywehavedirectlymeasuredtheflowvelocitiesinthebaseofsessiledrops,usingmicroparticleimagevelocimetry,viewingthedropfrombelow,throughthecoverslide.Forwaterdrops,aradialpatternofflowwasobservedwithamaximumvelocityclosetobutnotatthepinnedouteredge.For‘azeotropic’ethanol/watermixtures,thevelocityfieldismorechaotictobeginwith,passingthroughaphaseinvolvingthreeorfourrecirculationcellsandfinallyhavingthesameradialpatternasforwaterdrops.

简介：Howtocontrolmeltcompositionisthekeyforgettinghighqualityalloymelt.Thepapermadethefollowingefforts:(1)TheactivitycoefficientsinTi-15-3melthavebeencalculated.(2)Takingadvantageoftheactivitycoefficients,theevaporationlossesofcomponentsinTi-15-3meltduringISMprocesshavebeenstudied.Thecalculatedresultsshowthatthereisacriticalvacuumdegree(about1.33Pa)duringmeltingprocess.

简介：Thevariabilityinglobaloceanicevaporationdatasetswasexaminedfortheperiod1988-2000.ThesedatasetsaresatelliteestimatesbasedonbulkaerodynamicformulationsandincludetheNASA/GoddardSpaceFlightCenterSatellite-basedSurfaceTurbulentFluxversion2(GSSTF2),theJapanese-oceanfluxusingremotesensingobservations(J-OFURO),andtheHamburgOcean-AtmosphereParametersandFluxesfromSatelliteversion2(HOAPS2).TheNationalCenterforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP)reanalysisisalsoincludedforcomparison.Anincreaseinglobalaveragesurfacelatentheatflux(SLHF)canbeobservedinallthedatasets.Empiricalmodedecomposition(EMD)showslong-termincreasesthatstartedaround1990forallremotesensingdatasets.TheeffectofMt.Pinatuboeruptionin1991isclearlyevidentinHOAPS2butisindependentofthelong-termincrease.Linearregressionanalysesshowincreasesof9.4%,13.0%,7.3%,and3.9%forGSSTF2,J-OFURO,HOAPS2andNCEP,fortheperiodsofthedatasets.Empiricalorthogonalfunction(EOF)analysesshowthatthepatternofthefirstEOFofalldatasetsisconsistentwithadecadalvariationassociatedwiththeenhancementofthetropicalHadleycirculation,whichissupportedbyothersatelliteobservations.ThesecondEOFofallfourdatasetsisanENSOmode,andthecorrelationsbetweentheirtimeseriesandanSOIare0.74,0.71,0.59,and0.61forGSSTF2,J-OFURO,HOAPS2,andNCEPinthatorder.WhentheHadleymodesareremovedfromtheremotesensingdata,theresidueglobalincreasesarereducedto2.2%,7.3%,and<1%forGSSTF2,J-OFUROandHOAPS,respectively.IftheENSOmodeisusedasacalibrationstandardforthedatasets,theHadleymodeisatleastcomparableto,ifnotlargerthan,theENSOmodeduringourstudyperiod.

简介：这份报纸论述大气的空气的数字分析通过deLaval嘴的接近音速的流动。从本质上讲，大气的空气总是包含水蒸汽的某个数量。计算与高扩大率用一张Laval嘴被做并且一会聚分叉(CD)一半嘴，是指了一接近音速更弥漫，与慢得多的扩大率。计算用内部CFD代码被执行。计算模型使由于在潮湿的空中包含的水蒸汽的自发的冷凝作用模仿液体阶段的形成可能。接近音速的流动计算也在嘴考虑一个正常冲击波的存在分析液体阶段蒸发的效果的超声的部分。

简介：Molybdenumoxidenanostructuredthinfilmsweregrownonfluorinedopedtinoxide（FTO）,indiumdopedtinoxide（ITO）andordinaryglasssubstratesbythermalevaporationprocesswithoutvacuumandcatalystsusingmolybdenumtrioxide（MoO3）powderasasourcematerialandoxygenasacarriergas.Variousmorphologiesincludingnanobelts,disksandhexagonalrod-likenanostructureswereobtainedbychangingthesourceandsubstratetemperaturesduringthegrowthofMoO3thinfilms.Structuralparameters,morphology,compositionandsurfacefeaturesofthefilmswerecharacterizedbyXRD,SEM,EDAX,XPS,AFMandRamanspectroscopy.Thefilmswereorthorhombicinstructurewithpreferredorientationalong（010）plane.Morphologyanalysisrevealsrandomlyalignednanobeltswith40nminthicknessandawidthof800nmand3–12mminlength.Thediskshave1.5μmdiameters,1μmthicknessandhexagonalrod-likenanostructureswithalength,breathandwidthof2μm,1μmand100nmareformed.ThesampleswereinvestigatedunderdarkandphotocurrentconditionsinH2SO4aqueoussolutionasafunctionofappliedpotential.ThephotocurrentdensityofsamplespreparedonITOandFTOsubstratesampleswerecomparedandtheresultsarediscussed.

简介：生物土壤外壳为在干旱、半干旱的desertification区域改进生态的环境用作一个前卫。它是本地生态的环境正在承担的改进的水平的好指示物。在荒芜的区域，水状况是改进生态的环境的一个关键因素。作为第一层保护，生物外壳由于他们保存并且维持潮湿的能力在本地植被继任起一个重要作用。把在Ningxia省的Yanchi荒芜的Maowusu用作一个例子，在三年研究以后，当研究反对，这篇论文包括在Artemisiaordosica的盖子下面的地衣，苔藓和cyanobacterial选择三种生物外壳。这研究的结果显示那，外壳越近生物到Artemisiaordosica植被，他们越thicker变得。在Artemisiaordosica植被的一样的位置，苔藓外壳的厚度最高，由cyanobacterial外壳的地衣外壳，和厚度列在后面最低。生物土壤外壳范围保护土壤层的自然的水内容免受0～5 的伤害；厘米。另外，它完成掉落的水到更深渗透，并且不能阻止表面水内容有效地蒸发。堵住水渗入的生物外壳的效果随降雨的增加减少。在一样的降雨水平，苔藓外壳提供最强壮的水渗入阻塞，由地衣外壳和cyanobacterial外壳列在后面。随降雨的增加，水渗入的深度增加。在一样的降雨水平，水渗入深度的关系如下：cyanobacterial外壳>地衣外壳>苔藓外壳。随生物外壳厚度的增加，他们堵住水渗入能力更强壮，并且水渗入的深度更小。生物外壳上的模仿的降雨过程的特征上的分析证明沙的土地能被使用适当人工的生物外壳造一个持续森林保护系统并且在desertification区域创造一个稳定的生态系统修理。

简介：Abaroclinicsemi-geostrophicmodelwithevaporation-windfeedbackmechanism(EWFM)andCISKisestablished,twonon-dimensionalparametersaandηareintroducedtorepresentEWFMandCISK,respectively.Analyticsolutionsofthemodelsystemareobtained,dynamicsanalysesandthemodelatmospherecalculationsfurtherconfirmthatEWFMandCISKareveryimportantphysicalprocessesinleadingtothelow-frequencyoscillationsinthetropics.

简介：AresearchonkineticsofAlevaporationfromliquidU—Alalloyswasmadeinavacuuminductionmelting（VIM）furnaceat1673—1843K.TheevaporationrateofAlwasfoundtobefirstorderwithrespecttoAlcontentinthemelt.TheoverallmasstransfercoefficientofAlwasdeterminedanditwasfoundthattheevaporationrateofAlincreasedwithincreasingtemperatures.TheapparentactivationenergyofAlevaporationat1673-1843Kwas171.5kJmol-1.ThevalueofmasstransfercoefficientofAlintheliquidphasewasestimatedtobe3.77×10-6,7.41×10-6,and9.40×10-6ms-1at1673,1753,and1843K,respectively.Meanwhile,ratedeterminingstepswerediscussedanditwasconcludedthattheevaporationrateofAlismainlycontrolledbyliquidphasemasstransfer.

简介：Aprocesssuitableforproductiononalargescaleofcoldlightmirrorforfilmprojectorisintroduced.DepositionparametersrequiredforproducingTiO2/SiO2opticalmultialyersystemsbyelectronbeamevaporationofTiO2andSiO2startingmaterialsareinvestigated.Manufactureandtechniquesofcoldmirrorandtheadhesion,stability,wearandcorrosionresistanceofcoldmirrorbythisprocessarediscussed.Theresultshowsthatcoldmirrorproducedhasgoodopticalpropertiesandbetteradhesion.

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简介：ThispaperdealswiththeformingageoftheShuiquangougold-bearingalkalinerockwiththehelpofthesinglezirconPb-evaporationmethod.Theapparentage(16-7-1667Ma)gotformcrystallinezircongraindomains,wherethereexistsanalmostenclosedsystem,isingoodagreementwithzirconU-Pbconventionalupperinterceptage(1718Ma),suggestingthattheShuiquangougold-bearingalkalirockintrudedat1600-1700Maago.

简介：水晶的Au5Si2/Si异质接面nanowires(Au5Si2/SiNWs)被热蒸发的SiO粉末在一个低真空系统在厚黄金涂的硅底层上获得。生产Au5Si2/Si异质接面的结构分析被采用一台传播电子显微镜(TEM)和一个选择区域执行电的衍射计。化学作文被纳入TEM的一个精力散的X光分光镜学习。一个二拍子的圆舞生长模型被建议描述Au5Si2/SiNWs的形成。在第一步期间，水晶的SiNWs经由在相对高的温度把帮助氧化物的生长过程与vapour-liquid-solid模型相结合的生长机制被形成。在第二步，preformedSiNWs的温度减少和减少片断与残余Au反应由一个solid-liquid-solid过程形成单个水晶的Au5Si2nanowires。现在的工作应该基于nanowires为未来合成和高质量的金silicidenanowires和微电子设备的研究是有用的。