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简介：精索静脉曲张在约15%人是在场的，并且，尽管它是男不孕的最通常诊断的原因，有精索静脉曲张的将近三分之二个人仍然保持肥沃。使用象盖住这个领域的可得到的文章一样从在2004和2015之间的以前的元分析获得的当前的证据被决定，在修理前后处理精液分析的话题的最好使随机化的控制文章。二重要元分析象在varicocelectomy前后处理精液分析的话题的另外的文章一样被讨论。证据建议所有精液参数在精索静脉曲张修理以后改善。基于可得到的证据，在与摸得出的精索静脉曲张对待人有一个好处，是清楚的。一个人能期望所有精液参数将在修理以后在3个月以内改善。

简介：ＢｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｏｆＮｏ－ＳｃａｌｐｅｌＶａｓｅｃｔｏｍｙＯｖｅｒＣｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ＊Ｌｅｓｓｉｎｊｕｒｙｔｏｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ，ｌｅｓｓｂｌｅｅｄｉｎｇａｎｄｆｅｗｅｒｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅＮＳＶｄｏｅｓｎｏ...

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简介：Ithasbeenevidentthatthetheoryandmethodsofdynamicderivativesareplayinganincreasinglyimportantrleinhybridmodelingandcomputations.Beingconstructedonvariouskindsofhybridgrids,thatis,timescales,dynamicderivativesoffersuperioraccuracyandflexibilityinapproximatingmathematicallyimportantnat-uralprocesseswithhard-to-predictsingularities,suchastheepidemicgrowthwithun-predictablejumpsizesandoptionmarketchangeswithhighuncertainties,ascom-paredwithconventionalderivatives.Inthisarticle,weshallreviewthenovelnewconcepts,exploredelicaterelationsbetweenthemostfrequentlyusedsecond-orderdy-namicderivativesandconventionalderivatives.Weshallinvestigatenecessarycondi-tionsforguaranteeingtheconsistencybetweenthetwoderivatives.Wewillshowthatsuchaconsistencymayneverexistingeneral.Thisimpliesthatthedynamicderivativesprovideentirelydifferentnewtoolsforsensitivemodelingandapproximationsonhy-bridgrids.Rigorouserroranalysiswillbegivenviaasymptoticexpansionsforfurthermodelingandcomputationalapplications.Numericalexperimentswillalsobegiven.

简介：InthesouthernpartofChina,duetotherichrainfallsandfavourablytopographicallandscape,thereisabundanthydraulicenergyresourcescontainedinthecountlesssmallstreamsandriversinthemountainousandsemi-mountainousareas.Besidesthesmallhydropowergenerationwhichtransfersthepotentialenergytotheelectricalpower,thereisothertechnologyavailabletoutilisethepotentialenergydirectlyforthewaterliftingintheirrigationanddecentraliseddo-mesticwatersupplyinthevillagelevel.Thispaperintroducesthebasicprincipleofthehydraulicramop-erationanddescribestheapplicableopportunitiesforthehydraulicram.

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简介：PyriculariaoryzaeanamorphofMagnaportheoryzaeisoneofthemostnotoriousfungalpathogenscausingsevereeconomiclossinriceproductionworldwide.Variousmethods,viz.cultural,biologicalandmolecularapproaches,areutilizedtocounteractthispathogen.Moreover,sometolerantorresistantricevarietieshavebeendevelopedwiththehelpofbreedingprogrammes.Isolationandmolecularcharacterizationofdifferentblastresistancegenesnowopenthegatefornewpossibilitiestoelucidatetheactualallelicvariantsofthesegenesviavariousmolecularbreedingandtransgenicapproaches.However,thebehavioralpatternofthisfungusbreakupstheresistancebarriersintheresistantortolerantricevarieties.Thishost-pathogenbarrierwillbepossiblycounteredinfutureresearchbycomparativegenomicsdatafromavailablegenomesequencedataofriceandM.oryzaefordurableresistance.Presentreviewemphasizedfascinatingrecentupdates,newmolecularbreedingapproaches,transgenicandgenomicsapproaches(i.e.miRNAandgenomeediting)forthemanagementofblastdiseaseinrice.Theupdatedinformationwillbehelpfulforthedurable,resistancebreedingprogrammeinriceagainstblastpathogen.

简介：Soilsamplesat0-10cmindepthwerecollectedperiodicallyatpairedfieldsinCorvallis,Oregon,USAtocomparedifferencesinsoilmicrobialandfaunalpopulationsbetweenorganicandconventionalagroecosystems.Resultsshowedthattheorganicsoilecosystemhadasignificantlyhigher(P＜0.05)averagenumberorbiomassofsoilbacteria;densitiesofflagellates,amoebaeofprotozoa;somenematodes,suchasmicrobivorousandpredaceousnematodesandplant-parasiticnematodes;aswellasCollembola.GreaternumbersofRhabditida(suchasRhabditisspp.),werepresentintheorganicsoilecosystemwhilePanagrolaimusspp.werepredominantintheconventionalsoilecosystem.TheomnivoresandpredatorsofAcarinaintheMesostigmata(suchasDigamasellidaeandLaelapid),andProstigmata(suchasAlicorhaiidaeandRhagidiidae),werealsomoreabundantintheorganicsoilecosystem.However,fungivorousProstigmata(suchasTerpnacaridaeandNanorchestidae)andAstigmata(suchasAcarida)weresignificantlyhigher(P＜0.05)intheconventionalsoilecosystem,whichsupportedthefindingthattotalfungalbiomasswasgreaterintheconventionalsoilecosystem.Seansonalvariationsofthepopulationdependedmostlyonsoilmoistureconditionandfoodwebrelationship.ThepopulationdeclinedfromMaytoOctoberforbothagroecosystems.However,higherdiversitiesanddensitiesofsoilbiotasurvivedoccurredintheorganicsoilecosysteminthedryseason.

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简介：这份报纸论述是可扩展的因为地理上散布了的联机混合测试系统测试的一个基础。这个系统由通常过去常让周期的测试装载测试基础到目标排水量或目标力量上的一套设备组成。由于他们的坚韧性和可移植性，常规装载设备的单个集合能被搬运并且重新设置认识到在地理上遥远的实验室的物理装载。另一个呼吁的特征是对在各种各样的性能期间在僵硬有大不同的标本特别地合适的混合控制上演的灵活排水量力量。进行一个基础联机混合测试，一个可扩展的框架被开发，它与一个概括接口被装备包含每个基础。用各种各样的结构的程序代码的多重测试基础和分析基础能在单个框架以内被提供，简单地与边界排水量和力量连接了。一个协调人程序被开发在所有基础兼容机和equilibrated之中保留边界。一个基于因特网的数据交换计划也被设计在与不同软件环境装备的计算机之中转移数据。一系列联机混合测试被介绍，并且联机混合测试系统的可移植性，灵活性，和可扩展性被表明。

简介：Fourtestingmethodsusingcationexchangemembrane(CEM),ammoniumacetate,ASI(0.25molL^-1NaHCO3+0.01molL^-1EDTA+0.01molL^-1NH4F)and1.0molL^-1boilingnitricacid,respectively,wereusedtoevaluatesoilavailableK.ThesoilKtestedbyCEMwassignificantlycorrelatedwiththatbytheother(conventional)methods(r^2=0.43^**-0.95^***).ThesoilKtestedbyCEMsaturatedwithNH4HCO3(15minextraction)wasmostcloselycorrelatedwiththatbytheothermethods(r^2=0.60^**-0.95^***),Potassiumavailability,aspredictedbysoiltest,wascomparabletoactualKuptakebycanolaandwheatgrownonthesoilsingrowthchamber.RegressionanalysesshowedthatplantKuptakewasmorecloselycorrelatedwihtKextractedbyCEM(r^2=0.56^**-0.81^***)thanthatbytheconventionalmethods(r^2=0.46^***-0.81^***),mostcolselycorrelatedwiththatbyNH4HCO3-saturatedCEMfor15min(r^2=0.81^***).andworstcorrelatedwiththatbyHNO3(r^2=0.45^**-0.72^***)

简介：An-typesmallmoleculeDC-IDT2F,with4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b]dithiopheneasacentralbuildingblock,furanasπ-bridges,and1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanoneasendacceptorgroups,wassynthesizedandusedasanelectronacceptorinsolution-processedorganicsolarcells(OSCs).DC-IDT2Fexhibitedgoodthermalstability,broadandstrongabsorptionin500–850nm,anarrowbandgapof1.54eV,LUMOof–3.88eV,HOMOof–5.44eVandanelectronmobilityof6.5×10–4cm2/(V·s).DC-IDT2F-basedOSCswithconventionalandinvertedstructuresexhibitedpowerconversionefficienciesof2.26and3.08%,respectively.Theeffectofverticalphaseseparationandmorphologyoftheactivelayeronthedeviceperformanceinthetwostructureswasstudied.

简介：Thenonlinearswitchingcharacteristicsoffusedfiberdirectionalcouplerswerestudiedexperimentally.Byusingfemtosecondlaserpulseswithpulsewidthof100fsandwavelengthofabout1550nmfromasystemofTi:sapphirelaserandopticalparametricamplifier(OPA),thenonlinearswitchingpropertiesofanullcoupleranda100%couplerweremeasured.Theexperimentalresultswerecoincidentwiththesimulationsbasedonnonlinearpropagationequationsinfiberbyusingsuper-modetheory.Nonlinearlossinfiberwasalsomeasuredtogettheinjectedpoweratthecoupler.Afterdeductingthenonlinearlossandinputefficiency,thenonlinearswitchingcriticalpeakpowersfora100%andanullfusedcouplerswerecalculatedtobe9410and9440W,respectively.ThenonlinearlossparameterPNinanexpressionofαNL=αP/PNwasobtainedtobePN=0.23W.

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简介：常规loggings在岩石物理为AVO(Amplitude-Versus-Offset)分析提供必要数据，它能造连接petrophysics和地震数据的一座桥。不管多么一些复杂液体系统例如到形成的严肃的液体侵略，低抵抗力反应或复杂的水咸度等等在水库存在，常规日志可以没能提供优秀数据，导致为有弹性的性质计算了错误那么更坏AVO结果不能匹配地震数据。在中国在Bohai海湾的第三级的水库克服如此的困难，我们利用了常规木头和CMR-MDT工具(可结合的磁性的回声和模块化的形成动力学测试者)执行形成评估和水库描述。我们的研究求婚，它允许petrophysicists获得水库参数(例如孔，渗透，水浸透，界限液体和毛孔迫使等等)，然后基于实验室的大小与核心分析结合执行一个进一步的岩石物理的这些结果学习并且在地震领域的AVO分析。

简介：肝是有有免疫力的规定的优美机制的一个tolerogenic机关保证本地、全身的有免疫力的忍耐的保养到自我和外国抗原，但是那也能对病原体装有效有免疫力的回答。尽管有主要histo相容性建筑群失配，肝allografts的有免疫力的特权在猪首先被认出，并且称为“；肝忍耐effect”；。而且，肝移植自发地与仅仅低剂量的免疫力的抑制被接受，并且为一样的施主的非肝的共同移植的allografts导致忍耐。尽管这immunotolerogenic环境在机关移植的背景是有利的，它在象肝炎B一样的长期的传染的肝疾病是有害的，导致tumorigenesis完成的病原体坚持和弱反肿瘤或C，疟疾，血吸虫病或。肝是T房间激活的一个主要地点，但是它得到T房间的差或不完全的激活，导致他们的未成功的激活，疲劳，他们的受动器功能的抑制和早死亡。这被病原体利用并且能损害病原体控制和清理或允许肿瘤生长。T房间的肝的priming被传统的很多个本地人和nonconventional调停介绍抗原的房间(APC)由有免疫力的偏差支持忍耐，T房间变应力缺乏或apoptosis感应，并且产生并且膨胀规章的T房间。这评论将集中于通讯在之间古典并且在在感应的忍耐和愿望的肝的nonclassicalAPC和淋巴细胞在这个过程讨论最近的卓见进天生的淋巴细胞的角色。

简介：Purpose:Thisstudyexaminedvariationinfootstriketypes,lowerextremitykinematics,andarchheightandstiffnessamongTarahumaraIndiansfromtheSierraTarahumara.Mexico.Methods:Highspeedvideowasusedtostudythekinematicsof23individuals.13whohabituallyweartraditionalminimalrunningsandals(huaraches).and10whohabituallywearmodern,conventionalrunningshoeswithelevated,cushionedheelsandarchsupport.Measurementsoffootshapeandarchstiffnessweretakenontheseindividualsplusanadditionalsampleof12individuals.Results:MinimallyshodTarahumaraexhibitmuchvariationwith40%primarilyusingmidfootstrikes,30%primarilyusingforefootstrikes,and30%primarilyusingrearfootstrikes.Incontrast,75%oftheconventionallyshodTarahumaraprimarilyusedrearfootstrikes,and25%primarilyusedmidfootstrikes.Individualswhousedforefootormidfootstrikeslandedwithsignificantlymoreplantarflexedankles,flexedknees,andflexedhipsthanrunnerswhousedrearfootstrikes.FootmeasurementsindicatethatconventionallyshodTarahumaraalsohavesignificantlylessstiffarchesthanthosewearingminimalshoes.Conclusion:Thesedatareinforceearlierstudiesthatthereisvariationamongfootstrikepatternsamongminimallyshodrunners,butalsosupportthehypothesisthatfootstiffnessandimportantaspectsofrunningform,includingfootstrike,differbetweenrunnerswhogrowupusingminimalversusmodem,conventionalfootwear.