简介:In1997themineralresourcesofEuropeandneighbouringcountrieswerepresentedasaprintedmapandabookofexhaustiveinformationandreferences.ThiswasthefirstpublishedmapinventoryofmineraldepositsfromallpartsoftheformerlypoliticallydividedEurope(EastandWest),measuredandevaluatedaccordingtoidenticalgeologicalandminingstandards.
简介:Object-oriented(OO)approachisthekeytechnologytodevelopasoftwaresystemintheLHC/ATLASexperiment.WedevelopedaOOsimulationframeworkbasedontheGeant4general-purposesimulationtoolkit.BecauseofcomplexityofsimulationinATLAS,wepayedmostattentiontothescalabilityinitsdesign.AlthoughthefirsttargettoapplythisframeworkistoimplementtheATLASfulldetectorsimulationprogram,thereisnoexperiment-specificcodeinit,thereforeitcanbeutilizedforthedevelopmentofanysimulationpackage,notonlyforHEPexperimentsbutalsoforvariousdifferentresearchdomains,Inthispaperwediscussourapproachofdesignandimplementationoftheframework.
简介:ThispaperoutlinesthedesgnandprototypingoftheATLASHighLevelTrigger(HLT)wihchisacombinedeffortoftheDataCollectionHLTandPESA(PhysicsandEventSelectionArchitecture)subgroupswithintheATLASTDAQcollaboration.Twoimportantissues,alresdyoutlinedintheATLASHLT,DAQandDCSTechnicalProposal[1]willbehighlighted:thetreatmentoftheLVL2TriggerandEventFilterasaspectsofageneralHLTwithaviewtoeasiermigrationofalgorthmsbetweenthetwolevels;unificationoftheselectivedatacollectionforLVL2andEventBuilding.
简介:TheATLASdetectorisoneofthemostsophisticatedandhugedetectorseverdesigneduptonow.Adetailed,flexibleandcompletesimulationprogramisneededinordertostudythecharacteristicsandpossibleproblemsofsuchachallengingapparatusandtoanswertoallraisingquestionsintermsofphysics,designoptimization,etc.TocopewiththeseneedsweareimplementinganapplicationbasedonthesimulationframeworkFADS/Goofy(FrameworkforATLASDetectorSimulation/Geant4-basedObject-OrientedFolly)intheGeant4environment.Theuser'sspecificcodeimplementationispresentedindetalilsforthedifferentapplicationsimplementeduntilnow,fromthevariouscomponentsoftheATLASspectrometertopsomeparticulartestbeamfacilities,particularemphasisisputindescribingthesimulationoftheMuonSpectrometeranditssubsystemsasatestcasefortheimplementationofthewholedetectorsimulationprogram:theintrinsiccomplexityinthegeometrydescriptionoftheMuonSystemisoneofthemoredemandingproblemsthatarefaced.Themagneticfieldhandling,thephysicsimpactintheeventprocessinginpresenceofbackgroundsfromdifferentsourcesandtheimplementationofdifferentpossiblegenerators(includingPythia)arealsodiscussed.
简介:WithintheATLASexperimentTrigger/DAQandDCSarebothlogicallyandphysicallyseparated.Neverthelessthereisaneedtocommunicate.TheinitialproblemdefinitionandanalysissuggestedthreesubsystemstheTrigger/DAQDCSCommunication(DDC)projectshouldsupporttheabilityto:1.exchangedatabetweenTrigger/DAQandDCS;2.sendalarmmessagesfromDCStoTrigger/DAQ;3.issuecommandstoDCSfromTrigger/DAQ.Eachsubsystemisdevelopedandimplementedindependentlyusingacommonsoftwareinfrastructure.AmongthevarioussubsystemsoftheATLASTrigger/DAQtheOnlineisresponsibleforthecontrolandconfiguration.Itistheglueconnectingthedifferentsystemssuchasdataflow.level1andhigh-leveltriggers.TheDDCusesthevariousOnlinecomponentsasaninterfacepointontheTrigger/DAQsidewiththePVSSIISCADAsystemontheDCSsideandaddressesissuessuchaspartitioning,timestamps,eventnumbers,hierarchy,authorizationandsecurity,PVSSIIisacommercialproductchosenbyCERNtobetheSCADAsystemforallLHCexperiments,ItsAPIprovidesfullaccesstoitsdatabase,whichissufficienttoimplementthe3subsystemsoftheDDCsoftware,TheDDCprojectadoptedtheOnlineSoftwareProcess,whichrecommendsabasicsoftwarelife-cycle:problemstatement,analysis,design,implementationandtesting.Eachphaseresultsinacorrespondingdocumentorinthecaseoftheimplementationandtesting,apieceofcode,InspectionandreviewtakeamajorroleintheOnlinesoftwareprocess,TheDDCdocumentshavebeeninspectedtodetectflawsandresultedinaimprovedquality.AfirstprototypeoftheDDCisreadyandforeseentobeusedatthetest-beamduringsummer2001.
简介:ATLAS[1]hasrecentlyjoinedGaudi,anopenprojecttodevelopadataprocessingframeworkforHEPexperiments[2],ThedatamodelisoneoftheareaswhereATLAShasextendedmoretheoriginalGaudidesigntomeettheexperiment'sownrequirments.ThispaperdescribesStoreGate,thefirstimplementationoftheATLASDataModel.
简介:AthenaisthecommonframeworkusedbytheATLASexperimentforsimulation,reconstruction,andanalysis,Bydesign,Athenasupportsmultiplepersistenceservices,andinsulatesusersfromtechnology-specificpersistencedetails.AthenausersandevenmostAthenapackagedevelopersshouldneitherknownorcarewhetherdatacomefromthegridorfromlocalfilesystems.norwhetherdataresideinobjectdatabases,inROOTorZEBRAfiles,orinASCIIfiles.InthispaperwedescribehowAthenaapplicationsmaytransparentlytakeadvantageofemergingservicesprovidedbygridsoftwaretoday-howdatageneratedbyAtheajobsareregisteredingridreplicacatalogsandothercollectionmanagementservices,andthemeansbywhichinputdataareidentifiedandlocatedinagrid-awarecollectionmanagementenvironment.Weoutlineanevolutionarypathtowardincorporationofgrid-basedvirtualdataservices,wherebylocatingdatamaybereplacedbylocatingarecipeaccordingtowhichthatdtamaybegenerated.Severalimplementationscenarios,rangingfromlowlevelgridcatalogservices(e.g.,fromGlobus)throughhigher-levelservicessuchastheGridDataManagementPilot(underdevelopmentaspartoftheEuropeanDataGridporject,incollaboration,withtheParticlePhysicsDataGrid)tomoreconventionaldatabaseservices,andacommonarchitecturetosupportthesevariousscenarios,arealsodescribed.
简介:Oneofthesub-systemsoftheTrigger/DAQsystemofthefutureATLASexperimentistheOnlineSoftwaresystem.Itencompassesthefunctionalityneededtoconfigure,controlandmonitortheDAQ.ItsarchitectureisbasedonacomponentstructuredescribedintheATLASTrigger/DAQtechnicalproposal.ResularintegrationtestsensureitssmoothoperationintestbeamsetupsduringitsevolutionarydevelopmenttowardsthefinalATLASonlinesystem.Feedbackisreceivedandreturnedintothedevelopmentprocess.Studiesofthesystem.behaviorhavebeenperformedonasetofupto111PCsonaconfigurationwhichisgettingclosertothefinalsize,Largescaleandperformancetestsoftheintegratedsystemwereperformedonthissetupwithemphasisoninvestigatingtheaspectsoftheinter-dependenceofthecomponentsandtheperformanceofthecommunicationsoftware.Ofparticularinterestweretheruncontrolstatetransitionsinvariousconfigurationsoftheruncontrolhierarchy.Forthepurposeofthetests,thesoftwarefromotherTrigger/DAQsub-systemshasbeenemulated.Thispaperpresentsabriefoverviewoftheonlinesystemstructure,itscomponentsandthelargescaleintegrationtestsandtheirresults.
简介:ThereconstructionandsubsequentparticleidentificationisachallengeinacomplexandahighluminosityenvironmentsuchasthoseexpectedintheATLASdetectorattheLHC.TheATLASsoftwarehaschosentheobjectorientedparadigmandhasrecentlymigratedmuchofitssoftwarecomponentsdevelopedearlierusingproceduralprogramminglanguages.Thenewsoftware,whichemphasizesontheseparationbetweenalgorthmsanddataobjects,hasbeensuccessfullyintegratedinthebroaderATLASframework.Wewillpresentastatusreportofthereconstructionsoftwaresummarizingtheexperiencesgainedinthemigrationofseveralsoftwarecomponents.Wewillexaminesomeofthecomponentsofthecalorimetersoftwaredesign,whichincludesimulationofreal-timedetectoreffectsandonlineenvironment,andstrategiesdeployedforidentificationofparticles.
简介:Withhypermediatechnologythestructureofapublicationcanbere-arrangedtoaccommodatemoreeasycognitionoftheideaandconceptbylinkingtheconceptswhicharerepresentedbydifferentmediaformsintoanintegratedconcept.Essentially,multimediaelectronicatlasisakindofelectronicpublication,whichhasmanycommoncharacterswithordinaryCD-ROMpublications.Forthedeeperexplorationofelectronicatlasitisveryimportanttounderstandtheinternalandgeneralstructureofthenewmediastructure.Theaimofthispaperistodiscusstheinternalstructureofmultimediaelectronicatlasasawholebyapplyingthemethodologyoflinguistics.