简介:Wespendaboutone-thirdofourlivesasleep.Thismaysoundlikealotoftime,butitisnotwasted.我们一生中有三分之一的时间在睡觉,这听起来可能是很多时间,但是这些时间并没有浪费。Ourbodiesneedsleeptostayhealthy.Notgettingenoughsleep,oraswesometimessayshut-eye,canmakeussick.我们的身体需要睡眠才能保持健康。缺乏充足的睡眠会让我们生病。
简介:Since2011,theGreekMinistryofEducationintroducedLaw3966—institutingthemodelexperimentalschools.Newpolicieswereappliedtothesespecialschoolsthatdifferentiatethemfromothertypesofschools.Themajorchangesweretowardspersonnelrecruitment.AsfortheveryfirsttimeinGreekpubliceducation,teacherswererecruitedafterevaluationandinterviewandstudentswerejoinedtheseschoolsafternationalexams,too.Ontheotherhand,someoftheinnovativeeducationalmethodsimplementedweretheexcellencegroupsinstitutedfortheveryfirsttimeinGreekpublicschools—participationinEuropeanprograms(e.g.,Erasmus+)andopen-to-societyeducationalprograms.Additionally,informationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)wasstronglyintroducedinlearningprocedure,teacherswereencouragedtoparticipateinhighlyratedin-servicetrainingcourses,andaseriousnumberofconferenceswereorganizednationally.Despiteoftheseremarkableeducationalachievementsin2016,thegovernmentdecidedtomakesomeseriouschangesinthelaw,thus,causingfatalsetbackstoschools’projectplans.Inmanyexperimentalschools,thefive-yeareducationalplan,whichwasplannedaccordingtoLaw3966,wasbrutallyinterrupted,asthistypeofschoolsactuallydidnotexistanymore!Astheinitialplanwaspredictingamajorevaluationafterafive-yearperiod,thesecruciallawchangescancelledanytypeofevaluation,almosttwoyearsbeforetheendofthisperiod.Eventually,teacherswerenomoreinterestedinproducingandintroducinginnovationintheirclassrooms.Inthispaper,wearetryingtorecordthechangescausedtothenumberandqualityofeducationalactivities(excellencegroups,educationalprograms,andinnovativeteachingmethods)afterthesemajorlawchanges.Wedetectedadramaticdecreaseinthenumberofactivitiesandexceptionaldisappointmenttohighlyqualifiedteachersandeducators.So,wearequestioningourselves:WeremodelexperimentalschoolstoogoodtobeGreek,orthesechangesweretooGreekto
简介:AnefficientandgoodDNAextractionprotocolshouldbesimple,affordableandyieldenoughDNAwithhighquality.Rice(OryzasativaL.)DNAextractionmethodsoftenuseseedlingsorleavesratherthanthegrainsandtendtobetime-consuming,involvemultiplesteps,andusehazardouschemicalsandexpensiveenzymes.RicegrainsofferseveralbenefitsoverseedlingsandleavesasasourceofDNAforgeneticanalysis.However,thesebenefitsareunderutilizedbecausethebulkofaricegrainismadeupofstarch.Itisparticularlyimportant,butdifficulttogetridofthestarchwhileextractingDNAfromricegrains.Thisco-precipitatedpolysaccharideisaknowninhibitorofDNApolymeraseactivityinpolymerasechainreaction(PCR).WedescribehereaverysimpleandhighlyaffordableChelex?-100basedDNAextractionmethodfromricegrains.Itdoesnotrequireanyhazardouschemicalsorenzymes.ThismethodreproduciblyextractsDNAwithgoodpurityindices(A260/A230andA260/A280values),butrequiresonlyafewsteps.