简介:Background:TheGlobalPhysicalActivityQuestionnaire(GPAQ)hasbeenusedtomeasurephysicalactivity(PA)andsedentarytimeinFrance,butnostudyhasassesseditspsychometricproperties.ThisstudyaimedtocomparethereliabilityaswellascriterionandconcurrentvalidityoftheFrenchversionoftheGPAQwiththeFrenchInternationalPhysicalActivityQuestionnairelongform(IPAQ-LF)anduseofanaccelerometerinageneraladultpopulation.Methods:Weincluded92participants(studentsorstaff)fromtheMedicineCampusattheUniversityofLorraine,Nancy(north-easternFrance).TheFrenchGPAQwascompletedtwice,7daysapart,tostudytest-retestreliability.TheIPAQ-LFwasusedtoassessconcurrentvalidityoftheGPAQ,andparticipantsworeanaccelerometer(ActiGraphGT3X+)for7daystostudycriterionvalidity.ReliabilityaswellasconcurrentandcriterionvalidityoftheGPAQweretestedbytheintraclasscorrelationcoefficient(ICC),Spearmancorrelationcoefficientforquantitativevariables,andKappaandPhicoefficientsforqualitativevariables.BothconcurrentandcriterionvalidityofGPAQwereassessedbyBland-Altmanplots.Results:TheGPAQshowedpoortogoodreliability(ICC=0.37-0.94;Kappa=0.50-0.62)andconcurrentvalidity(Spearmanr=0.41-0.86),butonlypoorcriterionvalidity(Spearmanr=-0.22-0.42).LimitsofagreementfortheGPAQandaccelerometerwerewide,withdifferencesbetween286.5min/weekand601.3min/week.Conclusion:TheFrenchversionoftheGPAQprovideslimitedbutacceptablereliabilityandvalidityforthemeasurementofPAandsedentarytime.ItmaybeusedforassessingPAandsedentarytimeinaFrenchadultpopulation.
简介:physicalinfrastructure和softinfrastructure是一对政治类术语。文章通过梳理“infrastructure”的起源、发展以及分类,找到physicalinfrastructure和softinfrastructure的定位,即它们是“infrastructure”按照性质划分的一组下位词。文章还对现有的翻译版本一一进行了分析与讨论,最后通过图片、考查同类术语、文献三种方式进行验证,得出以下结论:physicalinfrastructure可译为物质性基础设施或硬基础设施;softinfrastructure可译为软基础设施。
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简介:Background:Beginningintheelementaryschoolyears,therearedifferencesamongchildrenonhowtheyperceivetheircompetenceinphysicalactivity(PA).Children'scompetenceperceptionsmayinfluencetheiraffectivereactionstoPA.AcrucialquestionishowtomotivatechildrenwhoholdlowcompetenceperceptionstoenhancetheirenjoymentandPAinvolvement.Becauseparentsplaycriticalrolesinchildren'sdevelopmentandsocialization,socialsupportfromparentscanbeanimportantfactortocomplementteachers'efforttoenhancechildren'senjoymentandPAinvolvement.Inthisresearchweidentifiedtheassociationsamongchildren'sbeliefsaboutparentalsocialsupport,perceivedcompetence,andenjoymentinschoolPA.Methods:Threehundredandtwentychildren(9-11yearsold)participatedinatwo-wavestudy.Atthefirstwave,childrencompletedquestionnairesmeasuringtheirbeliefsaboutparentalsocialsupport,perceivedcompetence,andenjoymentinschoolPA;theyreportedtheirenjoymentagain8monthslateratthesecondwave.Results:Bothconcurrentandlongitudinalanalysesrevealedthatbeliefsaboutparentalsocialsupportwereimportantfactorsassociatedwithchildren'senjoymentinschoolPA,especiallyamonggirlswithlowcompetenceperceptions.Conclusion:Familysocializationfactorsshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Theefficacyofindividualandcommunity-levelstrategiesshouldbeincludedandevaluatedwhendesigningeffectiveinterventionstrategiesthatenhancechildren'sPAinschool.
简介:Sincetheemergenceofhumancivilizationonearth,ourcuriosityandexplorationoflifehaveneverstopped.Fromsingle-celledorganismstothehumanbody,fromDNAmutationstogeneticevolution,fromsimplereflextocellsofcircadianrhythm,manyscientistsareconstantlymakingeffortinstudyingthelawoflife.Sinceancienttimes,numerouslifescienceshavepromotedthedevelopmentofhumansociety.
简介:摘要随着经济的发展,城市化进程加快。地铁专用通信系统是指挥列车运行、组织运输生产、提高运营管理效率和服务质量的重要技术手段,系统是一个能迅速、准确、可靠地传递和交换各种与列车运营相关的语音、文字、数据和图像等多媒体信息的综合业务数字通信网。在正常情况下,系统能为地铁运营管理、指挥、监控提供通信联络的手段,为乘客提供体贴周密的服务;在发生灾害、事故或恐怖活动等异常情况时,系统能集中通信资源,迅速转为供防灾救援和事故处理的应急指挥通信。地铁专用通信系统通常由传输、无线通信、公务电话、专用电话、视频监视、乘客信息、广播、时钟、办公自动化、集中告警、通信电源及接地等子系统组成,各子系统相对独立,自成一体又相互关联,协同运行。同时,地铁专用通信系统需与其他机电系统相互配合,协同运行。因而,在地铁系统工程建设过程中,协调处理专用通信系统接口关系便成为参建各方必须面对和解决的一个重要问题。
简介:Background:Physicaleducation(PE)isakeychannelthatimpactschildren'sdecisionsandbehaviorsforhealthfulliving.Thisstudyevaluatedtheeffectsofaconcept-basedPE(CBPE)instructionalunit,featuredbyenergybalance(EB)education,onstudents'knowledgelearning,situationalinterest,cognitive,andphysicalengagementsaswellasteachers'perceptions.Methods:Fourthand5thgradestudents(n=468)inamid-westernstateoftheUnitedStateswererecruitedastheparticipants.FourelementaryschoolswererandomizedtotheCBPEorcontrolgroups.Students'EBknowledge,situationalinterest,cognitiveengagement,andphysicalengagementweremeasuredbyaknowledgetest,theSituationalInterestScale—Elementary,writtentasksheets,andaccelerometers,respectively,whileteachers'perceptionsoftheCBPEunitwerecapturedbyindividualinterviewsattheendoftheexperiment.Results:TheCBPEgroupshowedasignificantincreaseinEBknowledge,whilethecontroldidnot.Bothgroupsshowedasimilarincreasingtrendforsituationalinterestovertime,althoughthestatisticalresultsfavoredthecontrolgroup.Forphysicalengagement,theCBPEgroupdemonstratedastatisticallydifferentbutsubstantivelysimilarlevelofin-classphysicalactivitycomparedtothecontrolgroup.TheCBPEgroupalsoshowedamoderatelevelofcognitiveengagementthroughouttheunit.ThePEteachersreportedoverallpositiveperceptionsaboutteachingtheCBPEunit.Conclusion:TheseresultssupporttheutilityoftheCBPEunitinenhancingEBeducationalongwithfacilitatingpositivestudentinterestandengagementaswellaspositiveteachingexperiences.