简介：目的：构建一个牛dSl酪蛋白调控序列指导人溶菌酶（hLYZ）基因组序列的杂合基因座。方法：采用本实验室发明的连续3步缺口修复技术。将6个无痕连接的同源臂插入以pBR322为载体的骨架中，构成能进行3次连续基因抓捕的载体，利用Red同源重组系统介导的缺口修复技术，分别抓捕牛aSl酪蛋白3’端调控序列（9kb）、hLYZ基因座序列（5kb）、牛axSl酪蛋白5’端调控序列（20kb），使这3个基因片段自动无痕地连接在基因抓捕载体上，形成牛oLSl酪蛋白一hLYZ杂合基因座。结果：实验经过PCR扩增、限制性内切酶酶切验证和序列测定，验证了hLYZ的基因组序列对牛仪S1酪蛋白编码基因组序列的精确置换。结论：这种修复技术为乳腺生物反应器高效表达大载体的制备提供了可行的思路及方法。

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简介：TaijiquanisamartialartofthehighestorderisculturallyetchedintheChineseheritageandentrenchedinwushupulpfictionandkungfumovies.Thereinliestheenigma.Thegentleslow-motionpracticecannotbemoreremotefromthespeedandpowerofcombat.AndaddingtothemystiqueisthepropositionthatTaijiquan'skungfuprowessisnotdrawnfromthephysicalstrengthofthemusculaturebutfromsome"innerstrength"orNeijin.ThissacredbeliefwasdesecratedwhenafighterthrashedaselfproclaimedTaijiquangrandmasterignominiouslyin10secondsinanopenmatch.Taijiquanwasthenderidedasaboguscombatart.TheincidentshakesthefoundationofTaijiquanandputsintoquestionsmanyofitstoutedclaims,whichchallengesthescientificquestoftheart.ThepaperconfrontstheissuedirectlybystudyingthemanifestationofNeijinintheframeworkofsciencetoprovideascientificbasisfortheart.Ittranscribestheyin-yangmetaphysicsthatregulatesTaijiquantrainingintermsofthealignmentofmuscleactionstobalanceandtounifymomentum,whichdevelopsthecorestrengthofNeijinandtheunderlyinglife-forceQienergy.Fromthisflowsthekungfumarvels,whichlieinthelivelinessandagilityofNeijin'sresponseandintheforceensuingthatisoftherightvectorvalues,allessentialinthefluidityofcombatapplication.ThemartialaspectofTaijiquanprovidesaconcreterepresentationofNeijin,whichgivesanexperientialinsightintothemultifacetedconceptofQi,andinturnapathwaytotheexplorationofQiinphysiologyandthusinQienergymedicine.

简介：ThisisthespecialissuedevotedtobioinformaticsresearchinSingapore.BioinformaticsresearchinSingaporestartedlargelyin1996whentheBioinformaticsCenter,NationalUniversityofSingapore,wasformed.Withthegovernment'seffortstoturnSingaporeintoapowerhouseofbiomedicalresearch,theGenomeInstituteofSingaporeandtheBioinformaticsInstituteofSingaporehavebeenestablishedsince2000.Recently,abioinformaticsresearchcenterwasalsoformedintheNanyangTechnologicalUniversity.Currently,therearealargenumberofbioinformaticsresearchteamsineachoftheseinstitutions.

简介：【目的】谷斑皮蠹是一种重要的检疫性害虫,在新疆周边多个国家分布,口岸检疫人员多次从进境货物中截获谷斑皮蠹,该虫对新疆的农业生产极具威胁。【方法】以谷斑皮蠹的16SrDNA基因为靶序列,用昆虫通用引物对4种供试皮蠹进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物进行克隆和测序,用生物软件设计检测谷斑皮蠹的特异性引物与探针。【结果】设计的特异性引物（TG-SNP-F/TG-SNP-R）及所建立的常规PCR方法能有效检测出谷斑皮蠹,其扩增产物的片段大小为250bp,灵敏度为3ng·μL^-1设计的特异性引物（TG-F/TG-R）和探针（TG-probe）,以及所建立的实时荧光PCR方法,对谷斑皮蠹的检测特异性强,灵敏度达0.8fg·μL^-1【结论】建立的常规PCR方法和实时荧光PCR检测方法能够对谷斑皮蠹进行准确鉴定,为口岸检疫人员检测进境货物中携带的谷斑皮蠹提供技术支持。

简介：Themodulationandcontrolofgecko'sfootmovementswerestudiedelectrophysiologicallyinordertodesignthemotorcontrolsystemofagecko-mimicrobot.Inthisstudy(1)theanatomyoftheperipheralnervescontrollingthegecko'sfootmovementswasdetermined;(2)therelationshipbetweenthelimbnervesofthegeckoanditsfootmotorpatternswasstudied;(3)theafferentimpulsesofthenervesevokedbyrubbingthegecko'stoesandpalmwererecorded;(4)copyingthenaturalpatternsofmovementofthegecko'sfoot(abduction,adduction,flexion,andrevolution)anditslimbnervemodulationandcontrolmechanism,thenerveswerestimulatedundercomputercontrol,andtheresultsrecordedbyCCD.Resultssuggestthatgecko'sfootmovementscanbesuccessfullycontrolledbyartificialelectricalsignals.

简介：Thesandfishisalizardhavingtheremarkableabilitytomoveindesertsandinaswimming-likefashion.Themostout-standingadaptationstothismodeoflifearethelowfrictionbehaviourandtheextensiveabrasionresistanceofthesandfishskinagainstsand,outperformingevensteel.Weinvestigatedthetopography,thecompositionandthemechanicalpropertiesofsandfishscales.Theseconsistofglycosylatedkeratinswithhighamountofsulphurbutnohardinorganicmaterial,suchassilicatesorlime.Remarkably,atomicforcemicroscopyshowsanalmostcompleteabsenceofattractiveforcesbetweenthescalesurfaceandasilicontip,suggestingthatthisisresponsiblefortheunusualtribologicalproperties.Theunusualglycosylationofthekeratinswasfoundtobeabsolutelynecessaryforthedescribedphenomenon.Thescalesweredissolvedandreconstitutedonapolymersurfaceresultinginpropertiessimilartotheoriginalscale.Thus,weprovideapathwaytowardsexploitationofthereconstitutedscalematerialforfutureengineeringapplications.

简介：组蛋白甲基化是参予细胞的过程的一个多样的数组的重要epigenetic现象并且被发现了与癌症被联系。几的Recentidentification嘘一demethylases证明了那嘘一甲基化是一个可逆过程。通过一条候选人途径，我们化学上有简历作为H3K27demethylase识别了JMJD3。进HeLa房间的JMJD3的Transfection引起了整齐的乙醇H3K27的特定的减小，但是没在di-和单音的甲基H3K27上有效果，或嘘H3K4和H3K9上的一离氨酸methylations。Theenzymatic活动要求JmjC域和被建议了为余因子绑定重要的保存组氨酸。试管内生物化学的实验证明那JMJD3directly催化demethylation。另外，我们发现JMJD3起来在前列腺癌症，和它的表示调整了在变形前列腺癌症是更高的。因此，我们作为能够把整齐的乙醇组从移开的ademethylase识别了JMJD3嘘一H3离氨酸27并且起来在前列腺癌症调整了。

简介：China'sFreeARTProgramwasinitiatedin2002asanemergencyresponsetosaveandimprovethelivesofAIDSpatientslivingmainlyinimpoverishedruralregionsofcentralChina.WithlittleexperienceinHIV/AIDStreatmentandcareandresourcelimitations,China'seffortstoprovidewidespreadaccesstofreeantiretroviraltherapyhasbeenaprocessfraughtwithdifficulty.However,theFreeARTProgramisprogressingfromanemergencyresponsetoastandardizedtreatmentandcaresystem.Thedevelopmentofnationalguidelines,trainingprograms,alaboratorysupportnetwork,anationalpatientdatabase,programsforspecialpopulationssuchaschildrenandpatientslivingwithcoinfections,andoperationalresearchhasimprovedthescopeandqualityofthefreetreatmentprogram.AsofJune30,2005,atotalof19,456patientsin28provinces,autonomousregions,andspecialmunicipalitieshadreceivedfreeART.ChallengesstemmingfromthenatureofChina'shealthsystemandpatientpopulationpersist,butwithstronggovernmentsupportandadiversesetofresources,Chinahasthecapacitytoovercomethesechallengesandtoprovidenationwideaccesstohighqualitytreatmentandcare.

简介：Naturalcomposites,formedthroughbiomineralization,havehighlyorderedstructureswhichhavebeenaptlyexploredforfunctionalapplications.Thoughtheroleoforganicphaseshasbeenwellunderstoodinbiomineralization,notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtotheroleofbio-membraneswhichareoftenfoundencapsulatingthechamberinwhichmineralizationoccurs.Wehaveusedthenaturalproteinandsemi-permeablemembraneofchickeneggstogrowdifferentmaterialssuchasceramics,semi-metalsandmetalstounderstandtheroleofbio-membranesinbiomineralization.Weherereportthesuccessfulbiomimeticsynthesisofcalcite,cadmiumsulphide,andsilverhavinghomogeneousmorphologies.Wehavefoundthatthemembraneoperateslikeatunedgateway,playingasignificantroleincontrollingthemorphologyoftheinorganiccrystalsformedduringbiomineralization.

简介：目的建立具有潮霉素(hygromycin)抗性的3T3细胞系,用于转染目的基因(pTRE-Ins-human)的ES阳性细胞克隆筛选的饲养层.方法通过脂质体转染的方法,将含有潮霉素B磷酸转移酶基因的质粒pHyg导入3T3细胞中,利用潮霉素的药物选择特性,对转染细胞进行压力筛选,并对其进行PCR鉴定.结果经500μg/ml的潮霉素压力筛选后,获得了抗性细胞克隆.抗性3T3细胞的形态和生长速度与正常3T3细胞没有差异,特异性核苷酸引物检测抗性细胞基因组DNA,可以扩增出对应的核苷酸片段.结论成功地培育了潮霉素抗性的3T3细胞,为进行目的基因(pTRE-Ins-human)转染ES细胞的阳性细胞克隆筛选奠定了基础.

简介：通过对20世纪80年代以来具有代表性的华北夏谷区审(鉴)定的20个主栽谷子品种进行SSR标记多态性分析,研究了华北地区育成谷子品种的遗传多样性。49对引物在20个谷子品种中扩增出具有多态性的条带,共检测出142个等位变异,平均每个位点检测出的等位变异数为2.96个。标记位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.0904~0.6896,平均为0.4168。20份材料间的遗传距离变幅为0.0173~0.9000,聚类分析将其分成3个类群,其中谷丰1号自成一类,表明谷丰1号的遗传距离较其他品种大。不同年代谷子品种间遗传距离分析结果显示,各年代品种之间的平均遗传距离由大到小依次是1980s>1990s>2000s>2010s,表明随着年代的递进育成品种的遗传差异减小,亲缘关系增近。

简介：Circulargenomes,beingthelargestproportionofsequencedgenomes,playanimportantroleingenomeanalysis.However,traditional2Dcircularmaponlyprovidesanoverviewandannotationsofgenomebutdoesnotofferfeature-basedcomparison.Forremedyingtheseshortcomings,wedeveloped3DGenomeTuner,ahybridofcircularmapandcomparativemaptools.Itscapabilityofviewingcomparisonsbetweenmultiplecircularmapsina3Dspaceoffersgreatbenefitstothestudyofcomparativegenomics.Theprogramisfreelyavailable(underanLGPLlicence)athttp://sourceforge.net/projects/dgenometuner.

简介：Thecorona-likespikesorpeplomersonthesurfaceofthevirionunderelectronicmicroscopearethemoststrikingfeaturesofcoronaviruses.TheS(spike)proteinisthelargeststructuralprotein,with1,255aminoacids,intheviralgenome.Itsstructurecanbedividedintothreeregions:alongN-terminalregionintheexte-rior,acharacteristictransmembrane(TM)region,andashortC-terminusintheinteriorofavirion.WedetectedfifteensubstitutionsofnucleotidesbycomparisonswiththeseventeenpublishedSARS-CoVgenomesequences,eight(53.3%)ofwhicharenon-synonymousmutationsleadingtoaminoacidalternationswithpredictedphysiochemicalchanges.ThepossibleantigenicdeterminantsoftheSproteinarepredicted,andtheresultisconfirmedbyELISA(enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay)withsynthesizedpeptides.AnotherprofoundfindingisthatthreedisulfidebondsaredefinedattheC-terminuswiththeN-terminusoftheE(envelope)pro-tein,basedonthetypicalsequenceandpositions,thusestablishingthestructuralconnectionwiththesetwoimportantstructuralproteins,ifconfirmed.Phyloge-neticanalysisrevealsseveralconservedregionsthatmightbepotentdrugtargets.

简介：混合的系kinase(MLK3)3是被肿瘤坏死因素激活的激活mitogen的蛋白质kinasekinasekinase--伪(TNF-伪)并且明确地在TNF-伪刺激上激活c6月N终端kinase(JNK)。TNF-伪由激活MLK3的机制不被知道。TNF联系受体的因素(TRAF)是被招募到TNF受体的细胞质的结束并且调停的改编者分子，包括JNK的激活下游的发信号。这里，我们报导MLK3与TRAF2，TRAF5和TRAF6联系；然而，仅仅TRAF2能显著地导致MLK3的kinase活动。到TRAF领域并且为到它的C终端一半(氨基酸511-847)的MLK3的TRAF2地图的相互作用领域。与对方一起的内长的TRAF2和响应以一种时间依赖者方式的TNF-伪处理的MLK3伙伴。在MLK3和TRAF2之间的协会调停有绑在MLK3的TRAF2删除异种的MLK3激活和竞争以一种剂量依赖者方式稀释MLK3kinase活动，在TNF-伪处理上。而且MLK3的下游的目标，JNK被TNF-伪以一种TRAF2依赖的方式激活。因此，我们在TRAF2和MLK3之间的直接相互作用为TNF-伪-被要求的数据表演导致了MLK3和它的下游的目标的激活，JNK。

简介：植物替代控制是利用一种或多种植物的生长优势控制入侵杂草的方法,它是控制外来杂草危害的有效途径之一;因其既可控制入侵杂草危害又能取得一定的经济效益及生态效益而被人们广泛接受。本文简要介绍了我国3种入侵杂草植物替代控制技术研究与应用现状,系统总结了植物替代控制技术阻截和修复豚草、紫茎泽兰及黄顶菊扩散危害的技术模式和效果,提出了植物替代控制技术未来研究的方向和重点。

简介：在胸腺的中央忍耐是为删除汽车的主要机制反应T房间。尽管有这，进圆周的自我反应的T淋巴细胞的逃跑揭示汽车免疫的威胁。补偿它的瑕疵，胸腺也与镇压功能生产Foxp3+CD4+CD25+规章的T房间的一个自然地发生的子集，能够控制汽车反应房间。Foxp3(叉头框P3)，为房间的这个子集的系特定的标记，对他们的thymic开发和外部功能关键，并且还Foxp3驾驶的transcriptional程序直到现在大部分未定义。新兴的证据提供了卓见进它的角色：从Foxp3到的能力与象NFAT那样的另外的抄写因素合作，到目标的染色体宽的描述，基因直接由Foxp3跳了并且调整。这里，我们讨论自然地发生的规章的T房间的发现-他们的显型，发展，维护，和功能-大部分当他们被系特定的标记定义，Foxp3。

简介：[目的]建立具有潮霉素B(hygromycinB)抗性的3T3细胞系,用于转染目的基因(pTRE2-human-Ins)的ES阳性细胞克隆筛选的饲养层。[方法]通过脂质体转染的方法,将含有潮霉素B磷酸转移酶基因(hyg)的质粒pHyg导入NIH3T3细胞中,利用潮霉素B的药物选择特性,对转染细胞进行压力筛选,并对其进行PCR和southernblot鉴定。[结果]经300ug/ml的潮霉素B压力筛选后,获得了抗性细胞克隆。抗性NIH3T3细胞的形态和生长速度与正常NIH3T3细胞没有差异,特异性核苷酸引物检测抗性细胞基因组DNA,可以扩增出相应的核苷酸片段,Southernblot鉴定结果表明潮霉素基因片段已整合入潮霉素抗性NIH3T3细胞。[结论]本实验通过脂质体介导的方法成功地培育了潮霉素B抗性的NIH3T3细胞,为进行目的基因(pTRE2-human-Ins)转染ES细胞的阳性细胞克隆筛选打下了基础。

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简介：大环内酯类抗生素基因工程是近年来生物工程领域研究的一个热点,利用基因工程改造大环内酯类抗生素合成基因,已经合成了100多种"非天然”的天然化合物,为筛选新抗生素开辟了新的途径.本研究以糖多孢红霉菌A226基因组DNA为模板,先用PCR扩增出红霉素合成基因eryKR6两侧片段,再用重叠PCR将其拼接成去除KR6的约3.2kbDNA片段,并克隆于pWHM3载体,构建了同源重组质粒pWHM2201.用PEG介导将pWHM2201转入糖多孢红霉菌A226原生质体.PCR鉴定和生物活性检测均显示pWHM2201已重组到红霉素合成基因位点.在无抗性R3M斜面上生长两代后,制备重组体原生质体,并涂R3M平皿.利用PCR筛选出KR6敲除的突变体糖多孢红霉菌M.