简介:Background:Ecologistsareinterestedinassessingthespatialandtemporalvariationinecologicalsurveysrepeatedovertime.Thispapercomparesthe1985and2015surveysoftheBarroColoradoForestDynamicsplot(BCI),Panama,dividedinto1250(20m×20m)quadrats.Methods,spatialanalysis:TotalbetadiversitywasmeasuredasthetotalvarianceoftheHellinger-transformedcommunitydatathroughouttheBCIplot.Totalbetawaspartitionedintocontributionsofindividualsites(LCBDindices),whichweretestedforsignificanceandmapped.Results,spatialanalysis:LCBDindicesindicatedthesiteswithexceptionalcommunitycomposition.In1985,theyweremostlyfoundintheswamphabitat.Inthe2015survey,noneoftheswampquadratshadsignificantLCBDs.Whathappenedtothetreecommunityintheinterval?Methods,temporalanalysis:Thedissimilarityincommunitycompositionineachquadratwasmeasuredbetweentime1(1985)andtime2(2015).TemporalBetaIndices(TBI)werecomputedfromabundanceandpresence-absencedataandtestedforsignificance.TBIindicescanbedecomposedintoB=species(orabundances-per-species)lossesandC=species(orabundances-per-species)gains.B-Cplotswereproduced;theydisplayvisuallytherelativeimportanceofthelossandgaincomponents,throughtime,acrossthesites.Results,temporalanalysis:InBCI,quadratswithsignificantTBIindiceswerefoundintheswamparea,whichisshrinkinginimportanceduetochangestothelocalclimate.ApublishedhabitatclassificationdividedtheBCIforestplotintosixhabitatzones.GraphsoftheBandCcomponentswereproducedforeachhabitatgroup.Group4(theswamp)wasdominatedbyspecies(andabundances-per-species)gainswhereasthefiveotherhabitatgroupsweredominatedbylosses,somegroupsmorethanothers.Conclusions:WeidentifiedthespeciesthathadchangedthemostinabundancesintheswampbetweenT1andT2.Thisanalysissupportedthehypothesisthattheswampisdryingoutandisinvadedbyspeciesfr
简介:甘氨酸甜菜碱是植物细胞内一种重要的调渗物质,盐胁迫下,甘氨酸甜菜碱的积累可以保护细胞内蛋白质的结构和功能,降低细胞水势,从而增强植物自身的耐盐能力。从大肠杆菌中克隆的胆碱脱氢酶基因(betA)是甘氨酸甜菜碱合成的关键酶基因,该基因编码的胆碱脱氢酶(CDH)可将胆碱一步合成为甜菜碱。本实验室已将胆碱脱氢酶基因(betA)转入到小黑杨花粉植株基因组中,并最终获得了4个转基因株系。本研究以4个转betA基因株系(TB1、TB2、TB3、TB4)及非转基因对照为试材,在浓度为1.2%的NaCl盐胁迫下,测定其甜菜碱含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并调查试材的盐害情况,计算盐害指数,目的是为了研究转基因株系的耐盐效果,从中筛选出耐盐能力较强的转基因株系。试验结果表明,4个转基因株系的甜菜碱含量均高于非转基因对照;在1.2%NaCl胁迫下TB1、TB2、TB3的超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性均高于非转基因对照,TB3低于对照:TB1、TB4的丙二醛含量低于对照,TB2、TB3与对照相近。进一步的盐害分析表明4个转基因株系中的TB1和TB4株系的盐害指数低于对照的42.1%和33.4%,TB2、TB3与对照无显著差异。综合各转基因株系的耐盐性及生理指标测定结果,4个转基因株系中,TB1、TB2的耐盐性明显优于对照,有希望用于盐碱地造林及推广。
简介:Co,Ni,CrandVin25typicalsoilsofChinawerefractionatedintoexchangeable,carbonatebound(calcareoussoils),Mnoxidebound,organicallybound,amorphousFeoxidebound,crystallineFeoxideboundandresidualformsusingaseven-stepsequentialextractionprocedure,soastostudythedistributionofchemicalformsofthesemetalsaswellastheeffectsofsoilproipertiesonthedistribution.TheresultsshowedthatmostofsoilCo,Ni,CrandVwerepresentinresidualforms,andthedistributionratioaveraged48.2%forCo,53.0%forNi,81.5%forCrand68.7%forV.Thespeciationofheavymetalswasgreatlyinfluencedbysoilphysico-chemicalpropertiesandthechemistryofelements.Theresultsalsoindicatedthattherecoveryofmetalelementsbythesequentialextractionprocedurewassatisfactory,withtherelativedifferencebetweenthesumofsevenformsandthetotalcontentinsoilsaveraging9.5%forCo,12.8%forNi,6.6%forCrand7.2%forV.
简介:[目的/意义]随着奶牛养殖业向规模化、精准化和信息化养殖迅速发展,对奶牛健康的监测和管理需求也日益增加.实时监测奶牛的反刍行为对于第一时间获取奶牛健康的相关信息以及预测奶牛疾病具有至关重要的意义.目前,针对奶牛反刍行为的监测已经提出了多种策略,包括基于视频监控、声音识别、传感器监测等方法,但是这些方法普遍存在实时性不足的问题.为了减轻数据传输的数量与云端计算量,实现对奶牛反刍行为的实时监测,基于边缘计算的思想提出了一种实时对奶牛反刍行为进行监测的方法.[方法]使用自主设计的边缘设备实时地采集并处理奶牛的六轴加速度信号,基于六轴数据提出了基于联邦式与拆分式边缘智能这两种不同的策略对奶牛反刍行为实时识别方法展开研究.在基于联邦式边缘智能的奶牛反刍行为实时识别方法研究中,通过协同注意力机制改进MobileNet v3网络提出了...
简介:为明确一株云烟87八倍体(2n=8x=96)与N.plumbaginifoliaViv.(2n=2x=20)的杂交后代的部分生物学特性。对该后代进行了形态观测,细胞学遗传学分析,育性分析,并进行黑胫病抗性的离体鉴定。结果显示,该杂交后代(无性系)大部分外观形态指数介于云烟87四倍体与N.plumbaginifolia之间;花冠颜色与云烟87相近,花药颜色与N.plumbaginifolia相近。其染色体数目为58条,其中含有来自N.plumbaginifolia的10条染色体。花粉离体培养未见萌发;与云烟87四倍体杂交,做母本时坐果率为100%,平均每个蒴果获得102.60±25.12粒可萌发的种子,以其为父本及自交时未获得成熟蒴果。该杂交后代(无性系)对黑胫病抗性强于云烟87,与N.plumbaginifolia相近。综上所述,该杂交后代为云烟87与N.plumbaginifolia的真杂种(2n=5x=58);其雄性败育,但雌性可育;且具较强的黑胫病抗性。