简介：Tocleanoutthesmearlayeronteethsurface,andprotecttheteethmedulla,theexperimentappliedthestudyobservingthecleanupofsixgroupsofsurfacesmearlayerofdentalcariesandthetubuleplugsreservingeffectafterusingofdifferentcavitycleanserswiththehelpofSEM.Theresultimpliedthatboththeacidicpreparationsandchelatorcouldcleanoutthesmearlayeron.teethsurfaceinsomeway,butthelateronecouldalsoreservepartialtubuleplugs,whichreducethestimulationtotheteethmedulla.Sothechelatorisbettercleansersinclinicaluse.

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简介：AIMTo评估网膜的神经纤维层(RNFL)在没有眼的神经dysfunction.METHODSA的临床的符号的甲状腺ophthalmopathy的病人的厚度侧面未来，盒子控制，在一个第三级的照顾中心进行的观察学习。包括标准与中的任何一个联合与眼皮收回由病人组成了：生物化学的甲状腺机能障碍，exophthalmos，或眼睛外面的肌肉参与；或与exophthalmos或眼睛外面的肌肉参与联合的甲状腺机能障碍；或一个临床的活动分数(CAS)>3/7。RNFL厚度的二大小为每只眼睛被做，到样品的触毛HD光的连贯断层摄影术6moapart.RESULTSMean年龄与18男性和22女性一起是38.75y(范围13-70y)。平均RNFL厚度起初访问92.06？？

简介：AbstractObjective:Endoscopic repair of large anterior skull base (ASB) defects has excellent results when using multilayered repairs with a nasoseptal flap. However, in extensive intranasal tumors, a nasoseptal flap may not always be available. One alternative option is a flexible single-layer ASB repair. Initial studies indicate low cerebrospinal fluid leak rates with a single-layer repair. However, the level of frontal lobe support, particularly the propensity for a significant inferior displacement of the frontal lobe, is not known. The goal of this study is to determine the frontal lobe position after single-layer acellular dermal allograft repair in large ASB defects.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Tertiary care medical center.Subjects and Methods:This cohort study compares the frontal lobe position in adults who underwent endoscopic endonasal ASB tumor resection and single-layer cadaveric dermal matrix repair (ASB cohort) with control subjects without intracranial abnormalities (control cohort). The ASB cohort includes subjects with an ASB defect of ≥5 cm anterior/posterior and ≥1.5 cm wide and who had imaging at least 2 months after surgery. The frontal lobe position is measured on sagittal CT/MRI using a reference line from the base of the sella to the nasion. A value of zero indicates that the inferior-most aspect of the frontal lobe is at the level of the nasion-sellar line. A positive value indicates that the frontal lobe is inferior to the nasion-sellar line. The ASB cohort frontal lobe position is compared with the control cohort using the Mann-Whitney U test. A priori we set an absolute difference of 5 mm as a clinically significant difference.Results:The ASB cohort includes 47 subjects who are 57% male with an average age of 60 years (range: 31-89 years). The most common ASB pathology is esthesioneuroblastoma (n = 21) and 81% of the ASB cohort had postoperative radiation. The control cohort includes 20 subjects who are 60% male, with a mean age of 45 years (range: 19-74 years). The majority of controls underwent imaging for head trauma (n = 13). The ASB mean frontal lobe position is -0.2 mm superior to the nasion-sellar line (range: -9.2 to 10.4 mm), while the control's mean frontal lobe position is 1.1 mm inferior to the nasion-sellar line. This difference is not statistically significant (P= 0.13) and does not reach our a priori definition of clinical significance. The frontal lobe position of ASB subjects who had radiation is closer to the nasion-sellar line as compared with those who did not undergo radiation.Conclusions:Single-layer acellular dermal graft repair maintains frontal lobe support and position in large ASB defects.

简介：Intraperitonealinjectionofrecombinanthumaninterleukin-2(rhIL-2)inhibitsneuronalapoptosisinthechronicocularhypertensionretinalganglioncelllayer.IntravitreousinjectionwasperformedonretinalganglioncellsinaWistarratmodelofchronicallyelevatedintraocularpressuretoobservetheeffectsofLY294002andAG490onretinalganglioncellsurvival,macrophageactivation,andPI3K/AktandJAK/STATactivation.ThenumberofretinalganglioncellsintherhIL-2treatmentgroupwasmuchgreaterthaninthenormalcontrolandphosphate-bufferedsalinegroups.WesternblotanalysisrevealedlowAktandSTAT3proteinexpressionintheretinaafter3-hourintravitreousinjectionsofrhIL-2.However,proteinexpressionwasincreasedat12hours,butdecreasedagainat24hours,withverylowexpressionat96hours.LY294002andAG490,whichareinhibitorsofthePI3K/AktandJAK/STAT3signalpathways,preventedupregulationofAktandSTAT3proteinexpressionintheretina,respectively.IntravitreousinjectionofrhIL-2exhibitedneuroprotectiveeffectsbydecreasingretinalganglioncelllayerdamageinaratmodelofchronicglaucoma.TheseresultssuggestthatintravitrealinjectionofrhIL-2couldinducethePI3K/AktandJAK/STAT3signalingpathwaystoprotectretinalganglioncellsinchronicallyelevatedintraocularpressuremodels.