简介：Anticancerimmunotherapyhasundergonealongevolvingjourneyfordecades,andhasbeendramaticallyappliedtomainstreamtreatmentsinoncologyinrecent5years.Thisprogressrepresentsanadvancedmilestonefollowingcytotoxicmedicineandtargetedtherapy.Cellularimmunityplaysapivotalroleintheimmuneresponsesofhoststotumorantigens.Suchimmunityisnotablysuppressedduringneoplasticprogressionduetoimmuno-editingprocesses.Cellularimmunitycanalsobeselectivelyreactivatedtocombatmalignancieswhileexploitingtheadvantagesofcontemporaryscientificbreakthroughsinmolecularimmunologyandgeneticengineering.Therapidadvancementofcellularimmunity-basedtherapeuticapproacheshasachievedhighefficacyincertaincancerpatients.Consequently,thelandscapeofoncologicmedicineandpharmaceuticalinnovationhastransformedrecently.Inthisregard,wepresentacomprehensiveupdateonclinicallyestablishedanti-cancertreatmentswithcellimmunityaugmentationasthemajormechanismofaction.

简介：AbstractPurpose:Comminuted intraarticular distal radial fractures are difficult to treat conservatively and require operative treatment. This study compared the functional outcomes between variable angle volar plating and external fixator with K-wire augmentation in open reduction and internal fixation.Methods:A total of 62 adult patients with comminuted intraarticular distal radius fracture were randomized into 2 groups: volar plate group and external fixator group. These patients aged between 18 and 60 years had unilateral fractures, and agreed to be included in the study. Patients with a history of fracture, bilateral fracture, associated other injuries, delayed injury for more than 2 weeks, open fracture, pre-existing arthrosis or disability, psychiatric illness and pathological fracture were excluded. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The assessment of pain, functional activity, range of motion and grip strength was done at each stage of follow-up. The pain and functional activities were assessed by patient rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) score and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score.Results:Patients in volar plate group had superior PRWE score and DASH score at each stage of follow-up. At 1 year follow-up, the mean PRWE score were 7.48 for volar plate group and 7.35 for external fixator group; while the mean DASH score was 4.65 for volar plate group and 5.61 for external fixator group. They had better flexion and extension range of movement. They also had better pronation and supination range of motion at initial follow-up, however the difference get attenuated by 1 year. Volar plate group had significantly better grip strength than external fixator group. Complication rates were higher in external fixation group.Conclusion:Fixation with variable angle volar plate results in early wrist mobilization, better range of movement, less pain and disability and early return of function.