简介：【摘要】目的：探讨B超联合注水注气法在ICU患者鼻肠管置入中的应用效果。方法：将我院2019年12月~2020年12月48例ICU鼻肠管置入患者，信封随机法分二组。对照组给予盲插鼻肠管置入护理，实验组实施B超联合注水注气法护理。比较两组护理前和护理后焦虑自评量表评分、一次操作成功率、操作时间、并发症发生率。结果：实验组焦虑自评量表评分、一次操作成功率、操作时间、并发症发生率和对照组比较，存在显著差异，P＜0.05。结论：ICU鼻肠管置入患者实施B超联合注水注气法护理可缩短置管操作时间，减轻患者焦虑，提高一次置管成功率，减少并发症，值得推广。

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简介：【摘要】目的：对异位妊娠患者应用阴道B超与腹部B超诊断的效果进行对比。方法：样本选取在我科住院治疗的，符合纳入和排除标准的异位妊娠患者132例，并分为参照组（采纳腹部B超检查）和观察组（采纳阴道B超检查）各66例，对比两组的效果。结果：就胚芽、附件包块、心血管搏动、宫内假孕囊等相关指标检出率而言，观察组分别为30.30%、93.94%、33.33%以及18.18%，均明显高于参照组的6.06%、63.64%、6.06%、3.03%，有统计学意义（χ2=13.338

简介：摘要：目的：探讨阴道B超与腹部B超诊断异位妊娠的价值。方法：收集

简介：【摘要】目的：观察对妇产科急腹症患者实施腹部B超与阴道B超联用的诊断价值。方法：从2019年10月至2021年6月择取50例妇产科急腹症患者，所选患者均实施腹部B超检查、阴道B超检查、腹部B超与阴道B超联合检查，对照病理检查结果，分析三种检查方式的诊断结果。结果：经过病理检查，50例患者均确诊，其中30例异位妊娠、12例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、6例黄体囊肿破裂、2例急性盆腔炎；在腹部B超检查中，38例患者确诊，其中23例异位妊娠、10例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、4例黄体囊肿破裂、1例急性盆腔炎；在阴道B超检查中，42例患者确诊，其中26例异位妊娠、12例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、2例黄体囊肿破裂、2例急性盆腔炎；在腹部B超与阴道B超联合检查中，49例患者确诊，其中30例异位妊娠、12例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、5例黄体囊肿破裂、2例急性盆腔炎；腹部B超与阴道B超联合检查的诊断符合率高于单独腹部B超检查、阴道B超检查，误诊及漏诊率低于单独腹部B超检查、阴道B超检查，P

简介：AbstractBackground:Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) is a promising disease-monitoring marker for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We investigated correlations between HBcrAg with antiviral efficacy and virological and histological variables.Methods:One hundred and forty-five CHB patients from the mainland of China between August 2013 and September 2016 who underwent liver biopsy received entecavir therapy and had paired liver biopsy at 78 weeks. We analyzed correlations between HBcrAg and virological and histological variables in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. We also explored the predictors of HBeAg loss after 78 weeks of antiviral therapy. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic forward stepwise regression were the main statistic methods.Results:HBeAg-positive patients (n = 93) had higher baseline HBcrAg (median 7.4 vs. 5.3 log10 U/mL P < 0.001) and greater HBcrAg declines (median 1.6 vs. 0.9 log10 U/mL P= 0.007) than HBeAg-negative patients after 78 weeks of therapy. At baseline, HBcrAg correlated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in both HBeAg-positive (r = 0.641, P < 0.001) and -negative patients (r = 0.616, P < 0.001), with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in HBeAg-positive patients (r = 0.495, P < 0.001), but not with anti-hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti-HBc). Weak correlations existed between HBcrAg, histology activity index (HAI; r = 0.232, P= 0.025), and Ishak fibrosis score (r= -0.292, P= 0.005) in HBeAg-positive patients. At 78 weeks, significant correlations existed only between HBcrAg and anti-HBc in HBeAg-positive (r = -0.263, P = 0.014) and HBeAg-negative patients (r= -0.291, P= 0.045). Decreased HBcrAg significantly correlated with reduced HBV DNA (r= 0.366, P= 0.001; r= 0.626, P < 0.001) and HBsAg (r = 0.526, P = 0.001; r = 0.289, P = 0.044) in HBeAg-positive and -negative patients, respectively, and with reduced HAI in HBeAg-positive patients (r = 0.329, P = 0.001). Patients with HBeAg loss (n = 29) showed a larger reduction in HBcrAg than those without (median 2.3 vs. 1.3 log10 U/mL, P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, decreased HBcrAg was an independent predictor of HBeAg loss (P = 0.005).Conclusions:HBcrAg reflects viral replication and protein production. Decreased HBcrAg could predict HBeAg loss after antiviral therapy.Trial registration:Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01962155; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01962155?term=NCT01962155&draw=2&rank=1

简介：摘要：超声检查具有诸多优点,如没有副作用、操作方便、不会对身体带来创伤及可重复性好等,从其在临床中应用以来,在各科室疾病检查诊断中,尤其是妇产科,发挥着举足轻重的作用,并且已经成为首选检查方法。现阶段在对异位妊娠的诊断上首选超声检查方式，应用这一检查方式不但可以直观地显示胎儿宫内生长情况，而且可以从多角度展现胎儿形态，实现立体化的观察，且图像清晰度高可放大，如此便于早期发现胎儿畸形情况。

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简介：摘要:目的 探讨联合应用腹部B超和阴道B超诊断妇产科急腹症的临床效果。方法 将我院2020年2月至2021年2月妇产科收治的90例急腹症患者作为研究对象（将检查结果作为观察对象），随机分为观察组跟对照组，每组45例。对照组给与单纯腹部B超检查设；观察组则进行腹部B超联合阴道B超检查。结果 对本次研究所选取的患者，进行手术探查和病理检查，确诊为异位妊娠破裂、胚胎停止发育、急性盆腔炎等妇科急腹症。其中，对照组患者在检查后，确诊的64例，确诊率为71.11%；观察组患者在检查后，确诊的为80例，确诊率为88.89%，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 联合应用腹部B超和阴道B超能够有效地提高妇科急腹症的确诊率，为后续治疗提供可靠的依据，值得临床选用。

简介：【摘要】目的：探讨联合应用腹部B超和阴道B超诊断妇产科急腹症的效果。方法：将70例于2019年4月到2021年3月我院妇产科收治的急腹症患者作为研究对象，对其实施腹部B超、阴道B超检查，对患者的病理检查结果、单独及联合检测的准确率情况进行观察。结果：经病理检查可知，在70例患者中，35例为异位妊娠，6例患者为急性盆腔炎，11例为黄体囊肿破裂，18例为卵巢囊肿蒂扭转；联合检查方式的准确率明显高于单独检查方式，差异显著（P

简介：【摘要】目的 对于异位妊娠采取经腹部B超和经阴道B超进行诊断的临床效果加以讨论。方法 选择2020年1月至2021年1月接诊的异位妊娠病人60例作为本次课题观察对象，根据所选病人的入院顺序对其进行分组，其中一组病人接受经腹部B超进行诊断，一共30例纳入成为对照组，剩余一组病人接受经阴道B超进行诊断，一共30例纳入成为研究组，将病理学检查结果作为诊断金标准，对比两组病人的诊断结果。结果 接受经阴道B超检查的研究组病人临床诊断准确率明显高于对照组，两者对比差异明显。结论 临床中对于异位妊娠采取经阴道B超进行诊断的准确率高于经腹部B超，能够为疾病治疗提供可靠的参考依据，应该给予大力的推广与应用。

简介：摘要：目的：本次课题主要针对急腹症病患，在疾病诊断工作当中为其提供腹部B超和阴道B超对其疾病诊断效果产生的影响。方法：以随机选取的方式，将2019年1月到2020年12月进入我院妇产科进行急腹症治疗的病患作为研究样本，样本量为120名。对其最终的疾病诊断确诊率进行对比以及分析。结果：本次研究的120名急腹症病患当中，异位妊娠50例，急性盆腔炎27例，黄体破裂15例，宫颈、宫腔粘连8例，卵巢囊肿蒂扭转20例。而不同的B超检查结果中，单独运用腹部B超准确率为80.83%，阴道B超的准确率为82.5%，联合诊断准确率为92.5%（p＜0.05）。方法：使用两种不同的诊断方式，发现腹部B超和阴道B超联合诊断的方式对妇科急腹症诊断具有较高的临床效果，值得推广使用。

简介：AbstractMother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the main cause of chronic hepatitis B. The prevention of MTCT plays a critical role in control chronic hepatitis B. The main purpose of the present clinical guidelines is to aid healthcare providers in managing pregnant women with positive HBsAg and in preventing MTCT of HBV. We recommend: (1) all pregnant women require prenatal screen for hepatitis B serological markers; (2) newborn infants of mothers with negative hepatitis B surface (HBsAg) require administration of hepatitis B vaccine on a 0, 1, and 6 month-schedule; (3) newborn infants of mothers with positive HBsAg need hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and birth dose vaccine within 12 hours (the sooner the better) after birth, followed by injection of the second and third dose of hepatitis B vaccine at the age of one and six months respectively; (4) in preterm neonates or neonates with poor health conditions born to HBsAg-positive mothers, the immunoprophylaxis measures should be appropriately taken; (5) to further reduce MTCT of HBV, pregnant women with HBV DNA levels >2×105 IU/mL or positive hepatitis B e antigen may receive oral antivirals, starting from 28 to 32 weeks of gestation and discontinuing the drug on the delivery day; (6) cesarean section is not recommended to reduce MTCT of HBV; (7) breastfeeding is recommended in infants of HBsAg-positive mothers, regardless of maternally positive hepatitis B e antigen, maternal nipple injury or bleeding, oral mucosal injury in neonates or infants; (8) breastfeeding is recommended in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers who require continuation of antiviral therapy after delivery, and the infants should be followed up to observe whether adverse effects develop; and (9) the infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers should be tested for hepatitis B serological markers at the age of 7-12 months, and those who are negative for HBsAg and anti-HBs should receive three doses of hepatitis B vaccine on the 0, 1, and 6 month-schedule as soon as possible.

简介：【摘要】目的：此次研究主要探讨经腹部B超和经阴道B超诊断异位妊娠的临床价值。方法：随机选取我院2019年6月-2021年6月接收的60例异位妊娠患者展开研究，将患者分成两组（对照组、研究组），对照组行经腹部B超诊断，研究组行经阴道B超诊断，对比两组诊断结果。结果：研究组异位妊娠诊断符合率高于对照组，P

简介：AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to vertical transmission remains a critical concern with regards to eliminating HBV infection. Implementation of hepatitis B vaccine, the foundation to prevent perinatal and horizontal transmission, has reduced the prevalence of HBV by >80%. In countries where the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is available, such as China and the United States, the administration of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine to the infants of mothers who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen has become a standard practice and is effective in preventing vertical transmission. Accumulating evidence on the efficacy and safety of antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy indicates the probability of attaining the goal of the World Health Organization to eliminate hepatitis by 2030. In this review, we discuss the transmission routes, diagnostic criteria, and preventive strategies for vertical transmission. A preventive program that includes screening before pregnancy, antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy, and postpartum immunoprophylaxis provides "perfect strategies" to eliminate vertical transmission. However, there is still a notable gap between "perfect strategies" and real-world application, including insufficient coverage of timely birth dose vaccine and the efficacy and necessity of HBIG, especially in mothers who are negative for hepatitis B envelope antigen. In particular, there is a clear need for a comprehensive long-term safety profile of antiviral prophylaxis. Therefore, feasible and cost-effective preventive strategies need to be determined across regions. Access also needs to be scaled up to meet the demands for prophylaxis and prevalence targets.

简介：摘要：伴随医学科技的持续发展与进步，传统B超教学模式已经无法适应现代化医学人才培养需求，因此需要发展在线教学模式。本文以B超教学为例，对B超教学现状进行了简要分析，然后阐述了B超教学中学生需要掌握的知识和技能，最后探讨了B超发展在线教学模式的对策，以供参考。

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