简介:摘要This analysis extrapolates information from prior studies and experiences to bring PM&R perspective and intervention to the multidisciplinary treatment of COVID-19. The purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients is to improve symptoms of dyspnea, relieve anxiety, reduce complications, minimize disability, preserve function and improve quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation during the acute management of COVID-19 should be considered when possible and safe and may include nutrition, airway, posture, clearance technique, oxygen supplementation, breathing exercises, stretching, manual therapy, and physical activity. Given the possibility of long-term disability, outpatient post-hospitalization pulmonary rehabilitation may be considered in all patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
简介:摘要OBJECTIVEThe COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving and has led to increased numbers of hospitalizations worldwide. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience a variety of symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, tiredness, cough, and difficulty breathing. Elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are considered to be more at risk of developing severe symptoms and have a higher risk of physical deconditioning during their hospital stay. Physical therapists have an important role in supporting hospitalized patients with COVID-19 but also need to be aware of challenges when treating these patients. In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands.METHODSA pragmatic approach was used. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). An expert group of hospital-based physical therapists in the Netherlands provided feedback on the recommendations, which were finalized when consensus was reached among the members of the working group.RESULTSThe recommendations include safety recommendations, treatment recommendations, discharge recommendations, and staffing recommendations. Treatment recommendations address 2 phases of hospitalization: when patients are critically ill and admitted to the ICU, and when patients are severely ill and admitted to the COVID ward. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Respiratory support includes breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, airway clearance techniques, and respiratory muscle strength training. Recommendations toward active mobilization include bed mobility activities, active range-of-motion exercises, active (-assisted) limb exercises, activities-of-daily-living training, transfer training, cycle ergometer, pre-gait exercises, and ambulation.
简介:摘要BACKGROUNDEarly physical rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been shown to improve short-term clinical outcomes but long-term benefit has not been proven and the optimum intensity of rehabilitation is not known.METHODSWe conducted a randomised, parallel-group, allocation- concealed,assessor-blinded, controlled trial in patients who had received at least 48 hours of invasive or non-invasive ventilation. Participants were randomised in a 1∶1 ratio, stratified by admitting ICU, admission type and level of independence. The intervention group had a target of 90 min physical rehabilitation per day, the control group a target of 30 min per day (both Monday to Friday). The primary outcome was the Physical Component Summary (PCS) measure of SF-36 at 6 months.RESULTSWe recruited 308 participants over 34 months: 150 assigned to the intervention and 158 to the control group. The intervention group received a median (IQR) of 161 (67-273) min of physical rehabilitation on ICU compared with 86 (31-139) min in the control group. At 6 months, 62 participants in the intervention group and 54 participants in the control group contributed primary outcome data. In the intervention group, 43 had died, 11 had withdrawn and 34 were lost to follow-up, while in the control group, 56 had died, 5 had withdrawn and 43 were lost to follow-up. There was no difference in the primary outcome at 6 months, mean (SD) PCS 37 (12.2) in the intervention group and 37 (11.3) in the control group.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, ICU-based physical rehabilitation did not appear to improve physical outcomes at 6 months compared with standard physical rehabilitation.
简介:摘要静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的主要治疗手段是抗凝治疗。近年来,以达比加群、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班及依度沙班为代表的直接口服抗凝药(DOAC)被批准用于VTE治疗。DOAC的药物代谢动力学特点稳定,Ⅲ期临床试验结果表明DOAC提供了与标准治疗类似的疗效和更好的安全性,来自真实世界的数据证实了这一结论。本文重点介绍了各种DOAC的抗凝机制、药理特征、监测手段、疗效及安全性、在特定人群应用,为DOAC在VTE防治中的临床应用提供依据。
简介:摘要目的评价悬吊式切开缝合法在胃底固有肌层肿瘤内镜全层切除术(endoscopic full-thickness resection,EFTR)中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2019年6月解放军总医院第一医学中心完成的20例胃底固有肌层肿瘤EFTR病例资料。根据手术方法分为2组,观察组(9例)采用悬吊式切开缝合法行EFTR治疗,对照组(11例)采用传统EFTR方法治疗。分析2组患者基线资料和围手术期资料。结果20例病例均成功完成EFTR治疗,观察组肿瘤大小10.0(7.5,21.0)mm,对照组肿瘤大小14.0(10.0,20.0)mm。观察组肿瘤切除时间(26.4±6.3)min,短于对照组的(35.5±11.4)min。观察组术后住院天数(6.4±1.0)d,少于对照组的(7.7±1.5)d。2组均无迟发性出血和迟发性穿孔等并发症发生。结论在EFTR治疗胃底固有肌层肿瘤过程中应用悬吊式切开缝合法安全、有效,可缩短手术时间,值得临床推广应用。
简介:摘 要:目的:针对肺结节患者采用 16层螺旋 CT的临床诊断效果进行分析研究。方法:收集 2016年 5月— 2017年 5月期间的 60例肺结节患者有关资料,对患者肺部采用 16层螺旋 CT影像检查方法进行平扫,先用 CT平扫患者胸部,再将碘海醇对比剂经肘部静脉注入患者体内进行增强扫描,对肺结节患者的以上两种影像检查方法的结果进行比较。结果:良恶性结节患者在平扫状态下存在的差异不具有统计意义( P>0.05),增强扫描后,恶性结节患者在增强后 30秒、 60秒、 90秒的强化值比良性结节患者的强化值明显高一些,患者有关数据之间存在的差异存在统计意义( P<0.05)。结论:肺结节患者采用 16层螺旋 CT影像诊断检查方法可使肺结节提高诊断准确率,对于准确诊断良恶性肺结节具有较高的临床价值。
简介:摘要:目的 探讨干细胞培养所需饲养层的制备方法。 方法 采用胰蛋白酶消化法,将小鼠胚胎制成细胞悬液接种培养。用丝裂霉素 C处理 MEF细胞制备饲养层,观察处理后的细胞活力及有无再增殖现象。结果 采用 0.0625% 胰蛋白酶消化小鼠胚胎组织获得高活力的 MEF细胞,用丝裂霉素 C处理前后 MEF细胞无明显增值,细胞活力在 90%以上。结论:该方法可获得高活力的 MEF细胞。丝裂霉素 C处理后的 MEF细胞种植到明胶包被的 6孔板中,在 1周内可用于干细胞的培养。
简介:摘要目的初步探讨先天性胃壁肌层缺损在未发生胃破裂之前的临床特点,以及腹腔镜在胃破裂之前早期诊治该病的应用价值。方法分析我院2018年经腹腔镜诊治的2例新生儿先天性胃壁肌层缺损患儿的病例资料。男、女各1例,男性患儿为足月儿,女性患儿为早产儿(胎龄分别为38+2周、34周),日龄分别为3 d、4 d,体重分别为2 540g、1 800g,2例患儿均以腹胀入院,均有自主排便,感染指标均在正常范围内,腹部X线片均表现出巨大胃泡影,胃肠减压无效,行上消化道造影均提示胃蠕动能力减弱,造影剂无法通过幽门。2例患儿均行腹腔镜探查术,术中均证实为先天性胃壁肌层缺损且未穿孔,2例均同时在腹腔镜下行胃壁修补术。结果2例患儿术后恢复良好,术后无任何感染征象,术后1周行上消化道造影无吻合口漏等相关并发症,胃壁形态及蠕动能力正常,逐步开奶后痊愈出院。检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普、Pubmed、Clinicalkey、Google Scholar等数据库截至2018年12月,未检索到在未发生胃破裂之前,腹腔镜诊治先天性胃壁肌层缺损的相关报道。结论1.对呕吐、拒奶、上腹膨隆、有胃型、X线检查显示巨大胃泡影、胃肠减压后胃泡影变化不明显且上消化道造影提示胃蠕动能力减弱的新生儿,要高度怀疑先天性胃壁肌层缺损,可以考虑腹腔镜探查;2.腹腔镜在先天性胃壁肌层缺损尚未导致胃破裂之前进行早期诊断和治疗,可避免胃破裂后感染性休克、败血症等严重并发症的发生,且效果满意。
简介:摘要目的观察载硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖(CSPGs)神经套管在SD大鼠坐骨神经横断伤端-端缝合口处的作用,并进一步观察其对周围神经损伤后修复的效果。方法利用明胶作为载体构建载CSPGs神经套管,用于保护SD大鼠坐骨神经横断伤端端缝合口。2019年7月至9月,24只SD大鼠随机分为直接缝合组、空白组(无CSPGs的明胶套管)和套管组(载CSPGs套管),每组8只。术后5周时,每组3只大鼠行荧光金注射以标志术侧背根神经节的感觉神经元,其余5只大鼠于术后6周行电生理学检测后分别取材,用于神经组织的苏木精-伊红(HE)染色及镀银染色,同时取术侧腓肠肌行Masson染色,评估缝合口处坐骨神经的再生情况及神经损伤后再生修复效果。采用单因素方差分析进行数据分析,如果组间差异有统计学意义,则进一步采用LSD法进行两两比较,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果组织学结果表明,在坐骨神经端-端缝合口处,再生神经纤维均有不同程度的紊乱再生及逃逸现象,直接缝合组、空白组和套管组再生神经纤维的逃逸距离分别是(787.19±213.77)μm、(547.17±167.71)μm和(350.60±68.58)μm,通过缝合口进入远端基底膜管的再生轴突数目分别是(6 360±736.89)个/mm2、(8 040±673.05)个/mm2和(9 000±644.20)个/mm2,术侧背根神经节中被荧光金标记的感觉神经元数目分别是(124.35±25.88)个/mm2、(165.36±30.74)个/mm2和(208.98±20.51)个/mm2,套管组与另外两组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);电生理检测及术侧腓肠肌的组织学切片均显示套管组神经损伤后再生修复效果比另外两组更好(P<0.05)。结论载CSPGs神经套管可通过CSPGs对再生轴突的抑制作用,有效减少再生神经纤维在坐骨神经横断伤端-端缝合口处的逃逸及紊乱再生,从而促进大鼠坐骨神经损伤后有效再生。
简介:摘要目的探讨宫颈浸润性复层产黏液的癌(ISMC)临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法复查2017年1月至2019年8月福建医科大学附属第二医院所有宫颈癌病例,从中筛选出3例宫颈ISMC,收集其临床资料,观察组织形态和免疫表型,结合文献复习,分析ISMC临床病理学特征及鉴别诊断。结果3例患者年龄38~48岁。临床均表现为阴道接触性出血。人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)检测3例均伴18型阳性。镜检ISMC细胞呈复层排列,形成圆形或不规则形细胞巢,细胞巢最外层细胞呈有极向的栅栏状排列,内层细胞极向紊乱,胞质内富含黏液。3例ISMC均伴发宫颈普通型腺癌,1例同时伴发鳞癌。免疫表型:P16弥漫阳性,P40、CK5/6示巢外层细胞阳性。特殊染色阿辛兰提示内层细胞胞质内黏液丰富。1例术后1个月肺部多发转移;1例术后12个月盆腹腔多发转移。结论ISMC具有独立的病理组织学特征且预后差,诊断需结合免疫表型及特殊染色,并需要与宫颈非角化型鳞癌等多种类型肿瘤进行鉴别。