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简介：该出版物中提出的要求用以确保核电厂调试与运行的安全,这些要求是基于过往经验与技术现状提出和建立的,并遵循《核能安全基本原则》中提出的安全目标与原则。该出版物涉及从核电厂调试、运行到核燃料清除这一过程,其中包括核电厂的维护和改造。同时该出版物不适用于退役过程本身,但涉及核电厂退役前的准备阶段,并对退役过程提出了额外的要求。与此同时,本刊物将常规运行、预期运行事件以及事故情况考虑在内。

简介：TheHTScurrentleadsofsuperconductingmagnetsforlargescalefusiondevicesandhighenergyparticlecolliderscanreducethepowerconsumptionforcoolingby2/3comparedwithconventionalleads.Theresistivesectionsofhigh-ratedcurrentleadsareusuallymadeofaheatexchangercooledbygasflow.Thesupplyofthecoolingmassflowincursmorethan90%ofthecoolingcostfortheHTSleads.Themassflowraterequirementdependsnotonlyonthelengthandmaterialoftheresistiveheatexchanger,butalsoontheheattransfercoefficientandHEXsurface,thejointresistanceatthecoldendanditscoolingapproach.Thedesignandoperationofasheet-stackHEXwithalargerspecificsurfaceandamuchsmallerhydraulicdiameterarepresentedinthepaper.ThetestresultsofanHTSleadoptimizedfor8kAshowthata98.4%efficiencycanbeachieved.

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简介：道德认知不能仅停留于知识层面。它最终应该内化为学生的一种品质,升华为学生的一种精神,而传统的教学方法使学生获得的道德认识却难以实现这一升华。因此,我们在思想道德教育中必须融入现代教育理念,让学生从自身实际出发,以兴趣为先导,以内需为动力,以实践为载体,积极倡导自主学习、合作学习与探究学习。使学生的主体性得到充分的发挥,让学生在主动思考、写作探索、亲身经历中自主地去发掘,自主地去构建科学的道德认知,为自身思想道德素质的全面提高创设扎实的基础。

简介：ThemagneticfusionreactorusingtheadvancedD-3Hefuelshastheadvantageofmuchless-neutronproductionssothattheconsequentdamagestothefirstwallarelessserious.Iftheestablishmentofthiskindofreactorbecomesrealistic,theexplorationof3Heonthemoonwillbelargelymotivated.Basedonrecentprogressesinthesphericaltorus(ST)research,wehavephysicallydesignedaD-3HefusionreactorusingtheextrapolatedresultsfromtheSTexperimentsandalsothepresent-daytokamakscaling.Itisfoundthatthereactorsizesignificantlydependsonthewallreflectioncoefficientofthesynchrotronradiationandoftheimpuritycontaminations.ThesecondaryreactionbetweenD-DthatpromptlyleadstotheD-Treactionproducing14MeVneutronsisalsoestimated.ComparisonofthisD-3HeSTreactorwiththeD-Treactorismade.

简介：利用角分辨紫外光电子谱对乙烯和乙炔气体在Ru(1010)表面的吸附及与K的共吸附的研究结果表明：当衬底温度超过200K，乙烯即发生脱氢反应，σCH和σCC能级均向高结合能方向移动。在室温下，σCH和σCC能级位置与乙炔在Ru(1010）表面的吸附时的分子能级完全一致。乙烯发生脱氢反应后的主要产物为乙炔。衬底温度从120K到室温，Ru(1010）表面上乙炔的σCH和σCC能级均未发现变化。室温下乙炔仍然可以在Ru(1010）表面以分子状态稳定吸附。在有K的Ru(1010）表面上，室温时σCC谱峰几乎。碱金属K的存在促进了乙炔的分解。

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简介：利用扩展X射线吸收精细结构技术对用化学共沉淀法制备的非晶和纳米ZrO2·15％Y2O3体系进行了研究。分析结果显示，在从非晶态向纳米结构晶化的过程中，最近邻的Zr-0配位层的配位数和键长没有发生明显的改变，说明300℃温度处理的样品已经形成的900℃温度处理相同的最近邻局域结构。而对于Zr-Zr（Y）配位层，随着晶粒尺寸的减小，配位数明显降低，键长显著缩短，具有比Zr-O配位层更大的无序。这些结果表明晶粒尺寸的变化对于较远配位层的影响要比对最近邻的影响大得多。

简介：利用XRD、TPR和EXAFS等手段考察了焙烧温度对Cu/MnO2/ZrO2催化剂性能影响，结果表明，随着焙烧温度增加，铜的配位环境发生变化，铜和锰之间相互作用增强，有效地防止铜组分在还原及反应过程中聚集长大，从而使催化剂活性显著增加，当催化剂经过高温焙烧，催化剂活性由于ZrO2结晶和铜的聚集而降低。

简介：采用水热合成法制备了Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-A12O3催化剂。进行了添加和不添加水蒸气的CH4-CO2催化重整反应，测量了积碳量，并用EXAFS手段测试了催化剂Ni的K吸收边。结果表明，反应前后最近邻Ni—Ni配位距离无明显变化，而配位数却变化明显。无水蒸气反应后Ni-Ni配位数有较大幅度的减少，而添加了水蒸汽，Ni—Ni配位数比反应前减少幅度小。水蒸气的添加能减少积碳量，稳定催化剂中Ni的结构，从而提高催化反应的稳定性。

简介：ThisworkinvestigatedC2F6/O2/ArplasmachemistryanditseffectontheetchingcharacteristicsofSiCOHlow-kdielectricsin60MHz/2MHzdual-frequencycapacitivelycoupleddischarge.FortheC2F6/Arplasma,theincreaseinthelow-frequency(LF)powerledtoanincreasedionimpact,promptingthedissociationofC2F6withhigherreactionenergy.Asaresult,fluorocarbonradicalswithahighF/Cratiodecreased.Theincreaseinthedischargepressureledtoadecreaseintheelectrontemperature,resultinginthedecreaseofC2F6dissociation.FortheC2F6/O2/Arplasma,theincreaseintheLFpowerpromptedthereactionbetweenO2andC2F6,resultingintheeliminationofCF3andCF2radicals,andtheproductionofanF-richplasmaenvironment.TheF-richplasmaimprovedtheetchingcharacteristicsofSiCOHlow-kfilms,leadingtoahighetchingrateandasmoothetchedsurface.

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简介：Athreedimensionalsteady-statemagnetohydrodynamicmodelisdevelopedforthearcplasmainaDCsubmergedelectricarcfurnacefortheproductionoffusedMgO.Thearcisgeneratedinasmallsemi-enclosedspaceformedbythegraphiteelectrode,themoltenbathandunmeltedrawmaterials.Themodelisfirstusedtosolveasimilarprobleminasteelmakingfurnace,andthecalculatedresultsarefoundtobeingoodagreementwiththepublishedmeasurements.ThebehaviorofarcswithdifferentarclengthsisalsostudiedinthefurnaceforMgOproduction.Fromthedistributionofthearcpressureonthebathsurfaceitisshownthatthearcplasmaimpingementislargeenoughtocauseacrater-likedepressiononthesurfaceoftheMgObath.Thecirculationofthehightemperatureairundertheelectrodemayenhancethearcefficiency,especiallyforashorterarc.

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简介：Edgeplasmacharacteristicswerestudiedbyafast-scanning4-probearrayandaMach/Reynoldsstress/Langmuir10-probemovablearrayintheboundaryregion.Theseprobescouldmeasuretheedgeplasmatemperature,density,poloidalelectricfield,radialelectricfield,Reynoldsstress,poloidalrotationvelocitiesandtheirprofiles,whichcouldbeobtainedbychangingtheradialpositionsoftheprobearrayshotbyshot.Themeasuredresultswereusedtoanalyseplasmaconfinement,turbulentfluctuationsandcorrelations.Thefixedflush3-probearraysweremountedonthe4-divertorneutralizationplatesatthesametoroidalcross-sectioninthedivertorchamber.Theseprobeswereusedtomeasuretheprofilesoftheelectrontemperature,densityandfloatpotentialinthedivertorchamber.Edgeplasmabehavioursinbothlimiterconfigurationanddivertorconfigurationarecompared.Thedecaylengthsoftheedgetemperatureanddensityweremeasuredandisemphasizedforplasmabehavioursofthesupersonicmolecularbeaminjectionandlowerhybridcurrentdrive.ThedependenceoftheradialgradientofReynoldsstressonthepoloidalflowandtheradialgradientoftheelectricfieldonturbulentlossarediscussed.

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