简介:InspiteofthecurrentprevalenceoftheCVD-basedprocesses,theelectricarcremainsaninterestingprocessforthesynthesisofcarbonnanoforms,thankstoitsversatility,robustnessandeasiness.Italsoallowsperformingin-situsubstitutionofcarbonatomsbyhetero-elementsinthegraphenelattice.Ourworkaimstoestablishacorrelationbetweentheplasmaproperties,typeandchemicalcomposition(andthesubstitutionrate)oftheobtainedsingle-wallcarbonnanotubes.TheplasmawascharacterizedbyopticalemissionspectroscopyandtheproductswereanalyzedbyhighresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopyandcorelevelElectronEnergy-LossSpectroscopy(EELS).Resultsshowthatahighboroncontentleadstoaplasmatemperaturedecreaseandhinderstheformationofnanotubes.Thiseffectcanbecompensatedbyincreasingthearccurrentand/oryttriumcontent.Theoptimalconditionsforthesynthesisofboron-and/ornitrogen-substitutednanotubescorrespondtoahighaxialplasmatemperatureassociatedtoastrongradialgradient.EELSanalysisconfirmedthattheboronincorporatesintothegraphemelattice.
简介:Themicroscopiceffectivechargesinmirrornuclei51Mnand51Feareinvestigatedwiththeparticle-vibrationcouplingmodelbasedontheself-consistentSkyrme-Hartree-Fockandcontinuumrandom-phase-approximationapproaches.Theisovectorpartsarepredictedtobearound0.15,andtheprotoneffectivechargesarearound1.25e,whichislessthantheempiricalvalueofeeffp=1.5e.Themicroscopiceffectivechargesinneutronrich51Mnareabout10%lessthanitsprotonrichmirror.TheseeffectivechargesarecombinedwiththeshellmodeltocalculatethereducedelectricquadrupoletransitionprobabilityB(E2)valuesin51Mnand51Fe.ItturnsoutthatthemicroscopiceffectivechargeshavewellreproducedtheB(E2)valuesanditsratiointheterminatingstates.
简介:在经过二十多年的停滞乃至衰退后,世界核电工业近年来出现了明显复苏,而且将继续加速发展。无论是在过去的核电发展历程中,还是在今后相当长的一段时期内,水冷堆在世界核电领域都扮演着主要角色。世界上主流的水冷堆型主要包括:ABWR、ESBWR、AP1000、EPR、APWR、VVER、CANDU等,其中ABWR和ESBWR属于沸水堆,其它的都是压水堆。现将这七款堆型的发展情况概括介绍如下。1ABWR先进沸水堆(ABWR)是在世界范围内沸水堆(BWR)设计和多年运行经验基础上发展起来的第3代先进堆型,是目前世界上已获得US-NRC设计证书(1994年获得NRC的最终设计批准FDA)的最先进及最成熟的