简介:TheflowofrurallabortourbanisasignificantphenomenoninChinaduringthelast20years.Inspiteofmanyresearchesfocusonthedrivingforceofeconomy,terrainisanimportantindexintheruraldevelopment.Thereisaquestionthatwhethertheflowofrurallaborhassomerelationshipswithterrain.Thestudyusedthereliefdegreeoflandsurface(RDLS)asterrainindex,andthecostdistancemodelandthecenterofgravitymodeltoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenterrainandlaborflows.Theresultsindicated:(1)Inthelast20years,therurallaborforcewasnotsimplyflowingtothelowterrainregioninShaanxiprovince.AndtheRDLSwasconstantlystrengtheningtheinfluenceonthemovement.(2)TheRDLSwaslowinGuanzhongregion,andthetranslationofrurallaborsrelativelywasnotsignificant.SinceNorthShaanxiactastheenergyindustrybase,thenumberofrurallaborsthereincreasedfasterthaninSouthShaanxi.(3)Themovementsofeconomicalcenterstookanimportantroleinthechangeofrurallaborcenters,andterrainfactorsalsoshowedahighcorrelationwiththem.Itisfoundthattheloweroftheterrainindex,thehigherofthelandintensivedegree,themoreintensiveofnonagriculturalizationprocess.
简介:FragileecologicalenvironmentandpovertycorrelatetoandreinforceeachothercloselyinWesternChina.Atthesametime,WesternChinaisalsothemostprominentareaoftheknowledgeandhumanpovertywithverylowlaborforcequality.OnthebasisofanalyzingthecharacteristicsofpovertyinWesternChina,thispaperstudiesthecouplingrelationshipbetweenfragileecologicalenvironmentandpovertyinWesternChina,includingtheimpactsoffragileenvironmentonpovertyoccurrenceandtheeffectsofecologicalconstructiononpovertyalleviation.Italsoanalyzedhowlowlaborqualitycausespersistentpovertyinthewesternregion.Attheendofthepaper,strategiesofdiversitypovertyalleviationinWesternChinaaresuggestedbasedonsustainabledevelopment,includingeducationimprovement,ecologicalconstruction,industriesdevelopment,infrastructureconstruction,planninginstitutioninnovation,andsoon.
简介:Thispaperstudiesfactorsinfluencingrural-urbanlabormigrationinChina,particularlytheimplementationofruralcooperativemedicalinsurance(RCMI)intheyear2003.Withthesupportofdataanalysisfromtheyear2000,2004and2006,clearlinearcorrelationsarefoundbetweengender,income,healthconditionandrural-urbanlaborflow,whereastheimpactofeducationandemploymentstatusaremorecomplicated.Moreimportantly,resultsfromregressionshowthattheestablishmentofRCMIincountrysideofChinanotonlyinhibitsruralresidentsfromseekingemploymentoutsidethevillage,butalsopullsbackruralpeoplewhohavealreadyworkedincities.Whenregionaldimensionisconcerned,thepurecompositeeffectofRCMIonrurallaborflowislesssignificantincoastalareaswithbettereconomicperformanceandmedicalservice.
简介:摘要:在电力行业中,EPC 总承包模式日益重要。本研究聚焦电力设计院 EPC 总承包项目全过程费用风险管理。明确该模式下费用风险概念与分类,如设计变更、物资采购价格波动及施工增项减项等风险,可能致工程质量下降、进度延迟与资金损失。探讨风险管理策略,前期进行风险识别与评估,运用先进工具准确识别潜在风险;合同签订时采取风险规避与转移措施,细化条款合理分配责任;实施中建立费用监控与调整机制,实时监控处理费用偏差。结合案例分析策略效果与问题,为电力设计院提供可行方案,助其应对费用风险,提升项目管理水平与经济效益,也为行业风险管理提供参考,推动行业健康发展。