简介:<正>TheexpressionRnyingMa-pameans"ancient"or"old".TheRnyingMa-pasectmaintainedthatitisancientbecausePad-mavbyung-gnasestablisheditsdoctrinesinthe8thcentury,aboutthreehundredyearsearlierthantheoriginofTibetanBuddhism’sothersects.Withregardto"old",theRnyingMa-pasectclaimedtofocusontheteachingsofOldTantricMysticism,basicallythosetranslatedduringtheTuboperiod.ThedivisionofTibetanBuddhismintovarioussectsdifferedfromthatofHinayanaandMahayanainIndianBuddhism.TheseparationofHinayanaintoeighteenschoolswas
简介:<正>Sinceitsfoundinginthe11thcentury,theSa-skya-pahasbeenpartofTibetanBuddhism.Inthe13thand14thcenturies,thissectdevelopedintoadominantpoliticalpower.ItsleaderwasevenappointedtoanofficeinthecentralgovernmentthatwasresponsibleforadministratingBuddhistaffairsinallofChina.Historically,thisleaderplayedaroleinTibet’ssurrendertoMongoliaduringtheYuanDynastyinthemiddleofthe13thcentury.
简介:<正>TherearetwonamesfortheBkavbrgyudsect:BkavbrgyudandDkarbrgyud."Dkarbrgyud"meansthe"whitetransmissionlineage"("WhiteReligion")and"Bkavbrgyud",the"oraltraditionlineage".Dkarbrgyudgaineditsnamebecausetofollowdharma,thesect’sfounders,MarpaandMilaraspa,bothworethewhitecottonclothingoftheascetic.(SeetheChinesetranslationoftheHistoryandDoctrinesoftheDifferentBuddhistSectsbyThubKuan,p.52.)TheTibetanmonkswhoatthattimepracticeddharmausuallyworethesamewhite
简介:TheManuscriptCollectionofLiuZanting(HereinaftertheManuscriptCollectionforshort)hasveryrichcontentsandvariousgenres.Itincludesnotonlytherecordsonhispersonalexperienceand