简介:Theneedforwide-bandclockanddatarecovery(CDR)circuitsisdiscussed.A2Gbpsto12Gbpscontinuous-rateCDRcircuitemployingamulti-modevoltage-controloscillator(VCO),afrequencydetector,andaphasedetector(FD&PD)isdescribed.Anewautomaticfrequencybandselection(FBS)withoutexternalreferenceclockisproposedtoselecttheappropriatemodeandalsosolvetheinstabilityproblemwhenthecircuitispoweringon.Themulti-modeVCOandFD/PDcircuitswhichcanoperateatfull-rateandhalf-ratemodesfacilitateCDRwithsixoperationmodes.TheproposedCDRstructurehasbeenmodeledwithMATLABandthesimulatedresultsvalidateitsfeasibility.
简介:Apeer-to-peer(P2P)networkisadistributedapplicationarchitecturewhichprovidesmanyattractivefeatures,suchasavailability,self-organization,load-balancing,andanonymity.However,P2Pnetworkhascreatedsignificantproblemstonetworkoperatorsbygeneratinglargevolumesofinterautonomoussystem(inter-AS)traffic.FocusingontheBitTorrentswarmingprotocol,thispaperproposesanapproachwhichaimstoreduceP2Pgeneratedinter-AStraffic.Inparticular,theapproachcanreduceinter-AStrafficby50%to70%.Moreover,itcanimprovethedownloadingspeedby60%forthepopulartorrents.Theevaluationshowsthatcontrolledregional-basedcontentsreplicationcaneffectivelyachievethisgoal.Furthermore,theapproachisincrementallydeployable.NetworkregionsinwhichthesystemgetsdeployedcansolvetheirP2Pgeneratedinter-AStrafficproblemsautonomously,i.e.,withoutanyInternetserviceproviders-collaborationandanyrequirement,thesystemcanbedeployedintheentireInternet.