简介:Inthispaper,2-isopropylnaphthalenehasbeensynthesizedbythereactionofnaphthaleneandisopropylbromide,usingtriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidasthecatalyst.Theeffectofthecatalystcomposition,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratioofthereagentsonthe2-isopropylnaphthaleneyieldwassystematicallyinvestigated.Theoptimalreactionconditionscover:anAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof2.0,areactiontimeof3h,areactiontemperatureof15.0℃,avolumefractionofionicliquidtothemixture(isopropylbromide,n-dodecaneandn-hexane)of9%,andanaphthalene/isopropylbromidemolarratioof4.0.Undertheoptimalreactionconditions,theconversionofisopropylbromidereached98%andtheselectivityof2-isopropylnaphthalenewasequalto80%.ThetestresultsverifiedgoodcatalyticactivityuponusingEt3NHCl-AlCl3ionicliquidasthecatalystforalkylationofnaphthalenewithisopropylbromide.Theactivityoftheionicliquidremainsunchangedafterithasbeenrecycledfor4times.
简介:Chromiumacetylacetonateandbis(diphenylphosphino)isopropylaminewerecoordinatedinsituandsupportedonmethylaluminoxane-modifiedsilica.Thecatalyststructureandeffectsofreactiontemperature,reactionpressureandAl/Crmolarratioonethylenetetramerizationwereinvestigatedindetail.Chromiumwasuniformlyandfirmlyimmobilizedonthesupportandcouldnotbeleachedoffbymethylaluminoxane.Thesupportedcatalyst,uponbeingactivatedwithmethylaluminoxane,exhibitedcatalyticactivityof1.70×107g/(molCr·h)forethylenetetramerizationtoform1-octeneatareactiontemperaturesof80℃,apressureof2.0MPaandanAl/Crmolarratioof300.Thesupportedcatalystpresentedagoodtolerancetohightemperature.
简介:Throughimprovingtheagingprocessduringsynthesisofthesupport,γ-Al2O3withlargeporevolumeandhighsurfaceareawassynthesizedbyafacilesecondaryreformingmethod.Thesynthesisparameters,suchasthereactiontemperature,thefirstagingtemperatureandthesecondagingtemperature,wereinvestigated.Thetexturalpropertiesofγ-Al2O3werecharacterizedbymeansofN2adsorption-desorptionisotherms,X-raypowderdiffractometry(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),Fouriertransforminfrared(FTIR)spectroscopyandthermogravimetry(TG).TheexperimentalresultsindicatedthatAACHandamorphousAlOOHweretheprecursorsofalumina,whichwereformedviaprecipitationfromsolutionsafterreactionofaluminumsulphatewithammoniumhydrogencarbonate.Theprecursornanocrystallitesgrewandre-assembledduringthesecondaryreformingprocess,whichresultedinanincreasedporesizeandporevolumeandadecreasedbulkdensity.Theas-synthesizedγ-Al2O3materialsfeaturedmeso/macroporosity,largeporevolume(2.175cm3/g),highsurfacearea(237.8m2/g),andlowbulkdensity(0.284g/mL).
简介:针对港西开发区西5X-3断块规模小,断层多且较为发育,井距较大,注采井网欠完善,层间非均质性较强,开发效果欠佳的状况,通过储集层沉积微相研究、低电阻率油层评价、合理井距研究及油藏剩余油分布类型评价,量化了剩余油分布的潜力,在此基础上采取优化开发层系,合理调整井网、井距等技术对策,改善了开发效果.该断块油藏的开发实践表明,结合沉积微相开展储集层研究是进行剩余油挖潜的有效途径,根据剩余油分布特点,重建注采井网结构,能保持断块油藏平稳高效开发.同时,低电阻率油层潜力较大,是油藏开发后期挖潜的主要对象,而高含水期的厚油层,特别是点坝砂层的中上部仍有一定的开采潜力.
简介:为及时发现和控制钻井过程中的溢流,减轻井喷和压井作业对地下油气层的伤害,降低对环境的有害影响,对当前国内外录井溢流监测技术进行了分析,结合现场实际建立起一套以出口流量监测为核心的录井溢流监测系统。通过对返出管线流速场进行的水力学模拟,分析返出管线的流体流动规律,优化出口流量监测系统结构设计;采用V型结构设计既满足了流量计满管测量以保证测量精度,又保证了钻井液正常通过和携带岩屑。现场试验验证了系统的可用性,实现了出口流量的自动化、早期化、精确化监测并及时对溢流状态进行报警,取得了良好的效果;在此基础上,对基于出口流量监测技术的溢流预警模型进行了展望,为下一步工作奠定基础。
简介:大庆喇萨杏油田已进入特高含水期,为实现精细分层注水,提高油层动用程度,减缓油气产量递减趋势,开展了录井资料在油田开发精细分层注水试验,应用录井井壁取心资料对大庆喇萨杏油田精细分层注水试验区的剩余油分布状况、油层水淹程度及注水开发效果进行研究分析,总结各开发区块试验区的典型层井壁取心及测井资料规律特征,建立综合分析标准.根据横向对比、小层追踪原则进行综合分析,对各套井网开发层系整体注水开发效果进行评价,为编制精细分层注水施工方案提供可靠的地质参考依据.各开发区块编制方案过程中参考并结合现场施工及井况等进行应用,实际应用效果较好.