简介:TheesterificationoflauricacidwithmethanolcouldbeefficientlycatalyzedbyZrOCl2·8H2O,andthisreactionwasstudiedtodevelopagreenmethodforbiodieselproduction.Theinfluencingfactors,suchasamountofcatalyst,reactiontimeandmolarratioofacidtomethanol,wereinvestigated.TheresultsindicatedthattheZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalystshowedhighcatalyticactivity,andgavea97.0%methyllaurateconversionrateunderthefollowingoptimizedconditions,viz.:alauricacid/methanolmolarratioof1:10,acatalystdosageof4%,andareactiondurationof2hatmethanolrefluxingtemperature.Thecatalystcouldbeeasilyrecoveredwhileitsactivitycouldbewellretainedafterthreecycles.TheZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalystalsoexhibitedexcellentcatalyticactivityfortheesterificationofdifferentfreelong-chainfattyacids(includingnonedibleoilswithhighacidvalue)withdifferentshortcarbonchainalcohols.Therefore,theZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalysthasgoodpotentialforthesynthesisofbiodieselfromlow-costfeedstockssuchaswastevegetableoilsandnon-edibleoils.
简介:AVO技术经过几十年的发展已成为石油勘探中的一种重要技术,针对非均质性油气藏的储层预测,AV0方法具有其他方法不可替代的作用。应用波动方程差分数值解方法.研究了横向变速小尺度体的AVO特征,讨论了横向小尺度体的宽度和速度变化对反射系数的影响,然后应用最小二乘法原理拟合出了反射系数变化量与小尺度体宽度和速度的数学表达式,并结合测试数据进行了误差分析。结果表明:拟合公式与测试数据之间的误差小于0.5%,较好地反映了小尺度体宽度及岩石弹性参数对反射系数的影响。该公式可为利用AVO异常来预测小尺度体的宽度和岩石弹性参数奠定基础,同时也为下一步横向小尺度变速情况下反射系数精确表达式的验证提供保障。
简介:TheMoS2catalystswerepreparedfromvariousmolybdateprecursorsincludinginorganicandorganicmolybdatecompounds.ThesulfidationdegreeandmorphologyofactivephasesofMoS2activatedbyvariousmolybdateprecursorsinH2S/H2streamatdifferenttemperatureswerestudiedbyX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)andhigh-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HRTEM).TheorganicmolybdateprecursorsleadtoMoS2catalystswithhighersulfidationdegreeandsmalleractivephasestodemonstratehighercatalyticactivityduringhydrodesulfurizaiton(HDS)of4,6-DMDBT.
简介:Inthispaper,2-isopropylnaphthalenehasbeensynthesizedbythereactionofnaphthaleneandisopropylbromide,usingtriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidasthecatalyst.Theeffectofthecatalystcomposition,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratioofthereagentsonthe2-isopropylnaphthaleneyieldwassystematicallyinvestigated.Theoptimalreactionconditionscover:anAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof2.0,areactiontimeof3h,areactiontemperatureof15.0℃,avolumefractionofionicliquidtothemixture(isopropylbromide,n-dodecaneandn-hexane)of9%,andanaphthalene/isopropylbromidemolarratioof4.0.Undertheoptimalreactionconditions,theconversionofisopropylbromidereached98%andtheselectivityof2-isopropylnaphthalenewasequalto80%.ThetestresultsverifiedgoodcatalyticactivityuponusingEt3NHCl-AlCl3ionicliquidasthecatalystforalkylationofnaphthalenewithisopropylbromide.Theactivityoftheionicliquidremainsunchangedafterithasbeenrecycledfor4times.
简介:鄂尔多斯盆地西仁沟地区延长组长2储层为典型的低渗储层。针对其形成因素复杂、分布规律认识不清等问题,采取微观观察与宏观钻井统计相结合的方法,在大量铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性及钻井等资料分析的基础上,对该区长2储层砂岩的沉积特征、岩石学特征、孔渗特征、成岩作用类型、孔隙类型及孔隙结构等进行了深入研究。结果表明:形成于分流河道沉积背景下的长2储层砂岩具有沉积物粒度偏细、成熟度较低的岩石学特征,储集空间主要为原生粒间孔隙和次生溶蚀孔隙.圈闭类型主要为构造一岩性圈闭;大量发育的泥质和钙质夹层造成油水纵向分异程度较差,并进一步分隔油层,使单油层层内非均质性增强。总体上西仁沟地区长2储层的宏观展布受局部构造、储层岩性和物性的综合控制,对优质储层的展布具有重要的影响。
简介:根据微电阻率扫描成像测井仪器的设计原理、结构及测量方式.利用三维有限元法研究了微电阻率扫描成像测井仪器对裂缝的响应,模拟了测井响应随裂缝宽度、裂缝延长深度、电阻率对比度及裂缝倾角的变化关系,并考察了仪器对2条水平裂缝的分辨率。研究结果表明:单一水平裂缝的宽度和电阻率对比度的变化对测井响应有明显的影响:高角度裂缝的测井响应出现明显的不对称现象;双水平裂缝间距小于5mm时.2条裂缝无法分辨开来。这一研究结果对于利用电成像测井进行裂缝识别及定量评价具有参考价值。
简介:Throughimprovingtheagingprocessduringsynthesisofthesupport,γ-Al2O3withlargeporevolumeandhighsurfaceareawassynthesizedbyafacilesecondaryreformingmethod.Thesynthesisparameters,suchasthereactiontemperature,thefirstagingtemperatureandthesecondagingtemperature,wereinvestigated.Thetexturalpropertiesofγ-Al2O3werecharacterizedbymeansofN2adsorption-desorptionisotherms,X-raypowderdiffractometry(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),Fouriertransforminfrared(FTIR)spectroscopyandthermogravimetry(TG).TheexperimentalresultsindicatedthatAACHandamorphousAlOOHweretheprecursorsofalumina,whichwereformedviaprecipitationfromsolutionsafterreactionofaluminumsulphatewithammoniumhydrogencarbonate.Theprecursornanocrystallitesgrewandre-assembledduringthesecondaryreformingprocess,whichresultedinanincreasedporesizeandporevolumeandadecreasedbulkdensity.Theas-synthesizedγ-Al2O3materialsfeaturedmeso/macroporosity,largeporevolume(2.175cm3/g),highsurfacearea(237.8m2/g),andlowbulkdensity(0.284g/mL).