简介:由风和水的复杂侵蚀,是也叫的aeolian-fluvialinteractions,在干旱、半干旱的区域是一个重要侵蚀过程和风景。在风和水过程,空间环境转变和时间的环境变化之间的连接的Theeffectiveness是决定风神河的相互作用的geomorphologicsignificance的三个主要驱动力。作为互连的建筑群和内部联合系统,由风和水的复杂侵蚀有空间时间的变化特征。由风和水的复杂侵蚀的过程能被划分成palaeoenvironmental过程和当代的过程。在干燥陆地的早工作经常被归因于倡导an'aeolianist'或一个“河成论者”的二所学校之一观点,因此是直到1930年代关于由风和水的复杂侵蚀的研究被进行了。有二个障碍,由风和水限制复杂侵蚀的研究。第一,怎么在不同时间、空间的规模转变仍然是未解决的;并且第二,研究方法论仍然是不成熟的。以后,侵蚀,在风中的复域土壤侵蚀度和水蚀愿望的机制和控制是关于由风和水的复杂侵蚀的研究的焦点。
简介:部分吸藏和碎裂的线愿望导致直线通讯的各种各样的盒子,例如一对一,一对多或many-to-many。然而,复杂通讯,例如一对多并且many-to-many,通常被忽略或不能在存在方法完全被建立。这里,复杂通讯的本质将被分析。基于一根直线的二个特征,它被认为一根直线是一套在同一直线上的点,在复杂通讯之间的相容性和通讯被证明的点的唯一限制和通讯的新唯一限制介绍因为匹配的线被建议。基于复杂通讯的分析,线特征组的一个新概念被定义为证实所有通讯完全简单地被描述从不同图象然后一个新算法在直线特征之中描述一套不可分的通讯。有真实立体声图象的试验性的结果说明在直线之中的复杂通讯是实际盒子并且能有效地被建立。
简介:Hybridsimulationhasbeenshowntobeacost-effectiveapproachforassessingtheseismicperformanceofstructures.Inhybridsimulation,criticalpartsofastructurearephysicallytested,whiletheremainingportionsofthesystemareconcurrentlysimulatedcomputationally,typicallyusingafiniteelementmodel.Thiscombinationisrealizedthroughanumericaltime-integrationscheme,whichallowsforinvestigationoffullsystem-levelresponsesofastructureinacost-effectivemanner.However,conductinghybridsimulationofcomplexstructureswithinlarge-scaletestingfacilitiespresentssignificantchallenges.Forexample,thechosenmodelingschememaycreatenumericalinaccuraciesorevenresultinunstablesimulations;thedisplacementandforcecapacityoftheexperimentalsystemcanbeexceeded;andahybridtestmaybeterminatedduetopoorcommunicationbetweenmodules(e.g.,loadingcontrollers,dataacquisitionsystems,simulationcoordinator).Theseproblemscancausethesimulationtostopsuddenly,andinsomecasescanevenresultindamagetotheexperimentalspecimens;theendresultcanbefailureoftheentireexperiment.Thisstudyproposesaphasedapproachtohybridsimulationthatcanvalidateallofthehybridsimulationcomponentsandensuretheintegritylargescalehybridsimulation.Inthisapproach,aseriesofhybridsimulationsemployingnumericalcomponentsandsmall-scaleexperimentalcomponentsareexaminedtoestablishthispreparednessforthelarge-scaleexperiment.Thisvalidationprogramisincorporatedintoanexisting,maturehybridsimulationframework,whichiscurrentlyutilizedintheMulti-AxialFull-ScaleSub-StructuringTestingandSimulation(MUST-SIM)facilityoftheGeorgeE.BrownNetworkforEarthquakeEngineeringSimulation(NEES)equipmentsiteattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Ahybridsimulationofafour-spancurvedbridgeispresentedasanexample,inwhichthreepiersareexperimentallycontrolledinatotalof18degreesoffreedom(DOFs).Thi
简介:TheKuandianComplexisscarcelypreservedEarlyProterozoicvolcanicsuite,formed2.3-2.4Gaago.ItislocatedinanEarlyProterozoicmobilebeltboundedbytheArchaeanRangrimandRyonggangBlocksofthenortheasternSino-KoreanCraton.TheComplexismainlymadeupofamphibolites,gneisses,leucoleptite,leptiteandlayeredgranite.PetrologicalandgeochemicalstudiesshowthattheprotolithsoftheComplexaremainlyassoctationsofbimodalvolcanicsandanorogenicgranites.TheKuandianamphibolitesaredepletedinNb,Ta,PandTi,andenrichedinLILE,e.g.K,RbandCs,withpronounceddepletionofSrrelativetoNdandPb;La/Nbratiosarehigherthan1(1.75to5.18).ThetraceelementpatternsoftheamphibolitesaresimilartocontinentalfloodbasaltsformedbytheGondwanabreak-up,suchasthoseinSouthKarooandTasmania,whichshowscontinentalcontamination.εNdvaluesrangingfrom0.70to1.94oftheKuandianamphibolitesandtherelationshipsbetweenNb/YbandLa/Ybsuggestthatcontaminationofbasalticmagmahappenedinthemantle,ratherthanalongtheconduit.Isotoperatiosof208Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,206Pb/204Pb,143Nd/144Ndand87Sr/86SrindicatethatthemagmawasderivedfromacontaminatedmantlesourcelikeDMMoramixtureofDMMandEM2.TheKuandianComplexhasDupalanomaly,asisthecasewithsomecontinentalbasaltsinthesouthhemisphere,e.g.inSouthKarooandTasmania.PetrochemicalmodellingproposesthattheKuandiangneiss,granite,andamphibolitecamefromthesameparentalmagma,beingproductsofstrongfractionalcrystallization.ProtolithsoftheKuandianComplexwereformedinextensionaltectonicsettingduringthetransitionfromcontinentalcrusttooceaniccrust.TheformationoftheKuandianComplexindicatesthat2.3or2.4GaagotectonicevolutionoftheSino-Koreancratonwasdifferentfromthatofotherwell-studiedPrecambriancratons,e
简介:Neoarchean变形mafic岩石在更低并且中间的WutaiComplexmainly包括变形斑粝岩,角闪岩和绿泥片岩。他们能根据球粒状陨石被细分进三个组规范的REE模式。在组#1的岩石被将近扁平的REE模式(La_n/Yb_n=0.86-1.3)描绘,最低全部的REE(29-52ppm),并且弱对积极Eu异例否定(Eu_n/Eu_n~*=0.84-1.02),将近完全原始的披风使模式和强壮的否定Zr(Hf)正常化异例。他们在REE和痕量元素的geochemical特征类似于海洋高原拉斑玄武岩的那些,它暗示这组岩石能表示太古代的海洋的外壳的残余源于一根披风羽毛。在组#2的岩石被中等全部的REE(34-116ppm)描绘,充实LREE(La_n/b_n=1.76-4.34)球粒状陨石与弱Eu异例使REEpatterns正常化(Eu_n/Eu_n~*=0.76-1.16),并且否定Nb,Ta,Zr(Hf),在使正常化的原始披风的Ti异例搜寻图。REE和痕量元素特征显示他们表示从一个亚弧披风发源的弧岩浆挤metasomatized导出byslab的液体。在组#3的岩石被最高全部的REE(61-192ppm)描绘,有稍微否定的Eu异例的最强壮的LREE丰富(La_n/Yb_n=7.12-16)(Eu_n/Eu_n~*=0.81-0.95)在球粒状陨石规范的图。在原语,披风使图正常化,这些岩石被大负异常在Nb描绘,Ta,Ti,对没有Zranomalies否定。他们代表从充实的亚弧披风楔发源的弧岩浆导出inslab融化。三组岩石暗示NeoarcheanWutaiComplex的形成与披风羽毛和岛弧相互作用有关。
简介:Seismicdataacquiredinseabeachwasaffectedbylargevariationsinnear-surfacemedia,seriousreceiverdrifting,serioushigh-frequencynoises,heavymultiples,complexsubsurfacegeologyanddifficultiesinimaging.BGPResearchInstitute,havingworkedonthecorrespondingissuesforseveralyears,hascompletedaseriesofcomplexseabeach3Dseismicinterpretationapproachesincludingsyntheticseismiccalibrationwithdirectionalwelldata,analysisofstressfield,correlatinginterpretationwithmulti-screenmulti-linerecursion,
简介:Byanalyzinghigher-accuracylocationdataoftheTangshanearthquakesequence,acleardistributionpatternofthreeaftershockbeltsintheNE,NWW,andNWdirectionsofhasbeenobtained.TheanalysisrevealsthreeruptureplanesofstrongeventsofMS7.8,MS7.1andMS6.9inthesequence.Itindicatesthatthecomplexpatterniscloselyrelatedtotheearthquakesource,andtheNE-,NWW-andNW-trendingregionalfaultzones,whichhavebeenrevealedbytheresearchofthepre-seismicityanomaly.Insummary,thesourceislocatedinthejunctionofthethreefaultzones,andtheruptureplanesofthethreestrongeventslocatedinthesourcecanberegardedasthelockedsegmentsonthethreefaultzones.Onthesegrounds,thepaperexplainsthecomplexityofthesourceandepicentraldistributionofaftershocks.
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简介:Anewresponse-spectrummodesuperpositionmethod,entirelyinrealvalueform,isdevelopedtoanalyzethemaximumstructuralresponseunderearthquakegroundmotionforgenerallydampedlinearsystemswithrepeatedeigenvaluesanddefectiveeigenvectors.Thisalgorithmhasclearphysicalconceptsandissimilartothecomplexcompletequadraticcombination(CCQC)methodpreviouslyestablished.Sinceitcanconsidertheeffectofrepeatedeigenvalues,itiscalledtheCCQC-Rmethod,inwhichthecorrelationcoefficientsofhigh-ordermodalresponsesareenclosedinadditiontothecorrelationcoefficientsinthenormalCCQCmethod.Asaresult,theformulasforcalculatingthecorrelationcoefficientsofhigh-ordermodalresponsesarededucedinthisstudy,includingdisplacement,velocityandvelocity-displacementcorrelationcoefficients.Furthermore,therelationshipbetweenhigh-orderdisplacementandvelocitycovarianceisderivedtomaketheCCQC-Ralgorithmonlyrelevanttothehigh-orderdisplacementresponsespectrum.Finally,apracticalstep-by-stepintegrationprocedureforcalculatinghigh-orderdisplacementresponsespectrumisobtainedbychangingtheearthquakegroundmotioninput,whichisevaluatedbycomparingittothetheorysolutionunderthesine-waveinput.Themethodderivedhereissuitableforgenerallylinearsystemswithclassicalornon-classicaldamping.
简介:全球太阳的放射(GSR)是全球精力的最直接的来源和形式,并且它的数量的计算由于本地地形学和地面的影响是高度复杂的内部防护。数字举起模型(DEM)数据作为复杂地面和复合状况的一个代表生产一系列地志的因素(例如斜坡,方面,等等)。基于1个km决定DEM数据,气象学的观察和NOAA-AVHRR遥感数据,为在在长江盆以内的崎岖地面上的GSR的计算的一个分布式的模型被开发了。贯穿的模型为崎岖地形学允许天体的太阳的放射的计算并且包括一个分布式的直接太阳的放射模型,一个分布式的弥漫的放射模特儿和分布式的地面反射放射当模特儿。用发达模型,GSR空间分发和可视化的量的模拟被承担了,与随后关于地区和地面分析的结果。分析建议那GSR大小季节地被影响,当影响的度被发现与增加高度在同时发生增加时。而且,GSR大小关于主导的本地方面展出了清楚的空间变化;与阳光充足的南部的斜坡联系的GSR价值比与遮的斜坡联系的那些显著地大。错误分析显示12.983MJm的一个吝啬的绝对错误2和3.608%的一个吝啬的相对错误,当结果基于一个地点认证过程显示22.621MJm的一个绝对错误时2和4.626%的一个相对错误。
简介:这研究由于地震刺激在结构的倒塌的上下文为大、复杂的结构的系统的混合模拟检验集成方法的表演。目标申请未必为即时测试,但是相当为包含大规模物理基础的模型和高度非线性的数字模型。四案例研究被介绍并且讨论。在第一案例研究,也就是,包括二个广泛地使用的方法的集成计划的精确性与重复的改正数字修改了含蓄的Newmark的版本(反复)并且切开操作员(非反复)通过纯数字模拟被检验。第二案例研究介绍模拟为反复的集成方法就各种各样的时间步和重复的改正数字而言与二个上述的集成方法重复了的10混血儿的结果。在这些测试的物理基础由single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)组成有提供可重复的highlynonlinear行为包括的可替代的钢赠券的伸臂列破裂类型力量和僵硬降级。以防学习三,有重复的改正数字的含蓄的Newmark被申请1:2的混合模拟放大包括一个相对复杂的非线性的数字基础的钢时刻框架。最后,一个更复杂的数字基础被构造联合到一个1:2规模钢严肃框架的一个混合模型的一个片刻框架的一个非线性的计算模型考虑。最后二案例研究在一样的porotype结构和步和重复的固定数字仔细在预告测验模拟被检验的时间的选择上被进行。产生失衡力量被用作一个索引追踪平衡错误并且预言模拟的精确性和稳定性。
简介:ThePayangazucomplexinthecentralMyanmariscomposedmainlyofquartzdiorite,granodiorite,andsomesynplutonicmaficdikes.ThequartzdioriteandgranodioritehavezirconU-Pbagesof130.5±4.0(MSWD=3.5)and118.4±2.5Ma(MSWD=2.4),respectively.Rocksamplesofthequartzdioriteandgranodioritearemetaluminous,enrichedinlarge-ionlithophileelementslikeLREE,Rb,Th,andU,anddepletedinhighfield-strengthelementssuchasHREE,Nb,Ta,P,andTi,indicativeofarc-typemagmaticaffinities.WholerocksamplesofthequartzdioritehaveεHf(t)valueof+0.6,initial^87Sr/^86Srratiosof0.7086to0.7100,andεNd(t)valuesof-4.8to-4.9;whereasrocksofthegranodioritearerelativelyisotopicallyenriched,withεHf(t)valuesof-5.1to-7.2,initial^87Sr/^86Srratiosof0.7117to0.7118,andεNd(t)valuesof-8.7to-8.8.TheisotopicdatatogetherwiththehighMg#(boththequartzdioriteandgranodioritehaveMg#valuesof>40)suggestastronginvolvementofmantlematerialsinthegenesisoftheparentmagmas.Thepossiblepetrogeneticprocessmaybethattheascendingofmeltsfrompartialmeltingofmetasomatizedmantlewedgetriggeredbydehydrationofsubductedslabresultedinpartialmeltingofthelowercrustandmixedwiththelatter.TheseEarlyCretaceousintrusionsfromthecomplexareolderthanthosefoundintheeasternWuntho-PopaarcinwesternMyanmar,easternHimalaya,andwesternYunnanwhichareinterpretedtoberelatedtotheNeo-Tethyansubduction,andhaveεNd(t),εHf(t)valueslowerthanthelatter.Onthecontrary,theagesandgeochemicalcharacteristicsofthePayangazucomplexareconsistentwithsomeoftheintrusionsinthenorthernmagmaticbeltinTibet,easternHimalaya,andwesternYunnanwhicharebelievedtobeassociatedwiththesubductionoftheBangong-NujiangOceancrust.Thus,weproposethattheEarlyCretaceousintrusionsinthecentralMyanmararemostlikelyrelatedtothesouthwardsubductionofanoceanslabthatwaspossiblyanextensionoftheBangong-NujiangOcean.
简介:TheimpactofBrownCarbon(BrC)toaerosollightabsorptionhasbeenpaidmoreattentionrecentlyandtherearealargenumberofstudiesshowingthattheinfluenceofBrConradiativeforcingshouldnotbeignored.BrCalsoactsasanimportantcomponentofhazepollutionwhichisoccurringfrequentlyinWuhan,China.Therefore,itisessentialtoestimatetheiropticalproperties,composition,andmassconcentration.Consideringmosthazepollutionhappensduringthecoldesttime,weretrievedBrCcolumnarcontentduringwinterinWuhanforthefirsttime.OurmethodbasesonthefactthatBrCshowedthestrongspectraldependenceonUV-lightabsorption.Usingthismethod,wefoundthatBrCmakesupthesmallproportionsoftotalaerosolvolume(lessthan10%).Inthewinterof2011,weretrievedthedaily-averagedcolumnar-integratedmassconcentrationofBrConcleardayis4.353mg/m2whilethatofhazedayis12.750mg/m2.Accordingtothesensitivitystudy,wefoundthattheresultshighlyreliedontheassumedaerosolrefractiveindex.Toreducetheuncertaintyofthisapproach,weneedtogainabetterunderstandingofthetemporalvariabilityoftheradiationabsorbingcomponentsoftheseaerosolsinthefuture.
简介:类Cylindrotheca与一些由海洋的硅藻的一个小组组成描述的种类。十一当Cylindrothecadosteriummorphologically与他们小子单元的ribosomalRNA(SSUrDNA)和在这决定的编码叶绿体的rbcL基因序列学习的原子编码从Jiaozhou海湾被获得,识别的硅藻孤立。有趣地,SSUrDNA的很高的顺序分叉和rbcL基因在这些之中被发现孤立,并且相对引起推出的氨酸的很少变化的rbcL基因的众多的核苷酸变化定序。分别地,种系发生的分析基于SSUrDNA和rbcL基因组织了isolates进6clades。SSUrDNA的种系发生的树放了Cylindrotheca一起孤立的所有,清楚地把他们分开成二个系。系我由十一C组成。和另一C在这研究获得的dosteriumisolates。dosterium孤立,但是某clades很好没被支持。系II包含了二C。dosterium孤立并且一C。纺锤形孤立。Cylindrotheca孤立进二well-definedlineages的也分开的rbcL基因的种系发生的分析。十一C。dosterium孤立形成了一个系,所有clades强烈被支持。SSUrDNA的统计比较显示在我是的系以内的平均距离比另外的微水藻种类的显著地高(P<0.01)。这些结果在C以内建议了神秘种类的存在。dosterium。
简介:南部的Junggar盆(西北中国)的中央区域是在这含石油的盆的一个关键探索目标。因为有四,潜力的集合采购岩石(例如,二叠,侏罗记,白垩纪和Paleogene定序),石油移植和累积是多半复杂的。这研究代表一次尝试理解这复杂性以便为未来提供基本信息地区性的石油探索和地质的研究。基于石油地质学和地球化学,主要有烃的三种类型,这被暗示,包括采购白垩纪、采购Paleogene的油(与是主导的前者)并且采购侏罗记的气体。石油迁居和累积主要盖住三个阶段。第一个阶段是早更新世,采购白垩纪的油在移居并且积累的迟了的时期。然后,在第二个阶段(从到迟了的更新世的早时期的中间的更新世的迟了的时期),和采购Paleogene的油,采购白垩纪的油参予迁居和累积。最后,最后迟了的更新世,油再迁移的大数量并且积累,与沿着差错移居积累的气体(特别采购侏罗记的气体)。因此,在区域的石油费用事件是复杂的,反映石油移植和累积上的复杂构造进化的控制。
简介:Miaowan()ophiolite是在Yangtzecraton的北边缘附近外面收割的高度割下的ophiolitic建筑群。这建筑群的岩石由组成,从底部到顶,局部地包含podiform铬铁矿的harzburgitetectonite,纯橄榄岩,分层、各向同性的斑粝岩,sheeted堤建筑群(SDC),有燧石豆荚和层的元枕头熔岩,和构造地设置的大理石。SDC向下是Miaowanophiolitic顺序,和等级的很重要、重要的部分进斑粝岩和ultramafic岩石,并且进元枕头熔岩向上。一些堤保存单程的chilled边缘,典型地代表extensionalophiolitic背景而大多数保存两倍chilled边缘,在寒心的方向能的情况中决定了。SDC主要由元辉绿岩(粗玄岩)组成,元斑粝岩和ultramafic的meta-plagiogranite,和小数量摇。LA-ICP-MS锆石标明日期收益一上面拦截年龄1026?????????????????????慩睯湡??灯楨汯瑩??丠潥牰瑯牥穯楯??慵杮楬杮?