简介：气候和植被的改变的高度的坡度由集体举起效果(MEE)是进一步复杂的，特别在高、广泛的山区域。然而，为山的这效果和它的含意高度的带一直不好直到最近学习了。这篇论文提供在过去的5年里执行的研究的概述。MEE是几乎，山山岳和罐头的加热效果在在里面之间并且在一个山团外面的给定的举起上被定义为温度差别。它能数字地与intra山脉底举起(MBE)的三个因素被建模，纬度和测湿的陆性率；MBE通常充当主要因素因为MEE并且，在很大程度上的大小能代表MEE。MEE比在山群众的外面在内部导致更高的treelines。在4800-4900m和snowlines成长在大约6000m发展在做山区的森林南部的西藏的高原和中央安第斯山脉，和森林到的大区域在在世界的很多高山的3500m上面实时。当考虑MEE时，全球treelines的高度的分发能与高精确被建模，结果证明MEE贡献大多数到treeline分发模式。没有MEE，森林能仅仅发展对在生态的模式将多是的海水平和世界上面的大约3500m最高更简单。MEE的quantification应该进一步与更高的分辨率数据被改进，它的全球含意将进一步被表明。

简介：TheHezhengareaofGansuProvinceproducesthemostabundantmammalfossilsinChinaaswellasthewholeEurasia,anditalsoproducesotherCenozoicfossilsofdifferentanimalsandplants.Therefore,allofthemarenamedtheHezhengBiota.Mammalsareverysensitivetoenvironmentalchanges,andthustheevolutionofmammalianfaunasintheHezhengareareflectsthestrongupliftoftheTibetanPlateauduringtheLateCenozoic,whichdramaticallyaffectsenvironmentalchanges.IntheHezhengarea,micromammalsarenotveryrich,butsomeofthemstillareimportant.ItisrelativelyuncommonthatthreeprimatesarefoundfromtheMiddleMioceneandtheEarlyPleistocenedeposits.SincetheMiddleMiocene,carnivoreshavebecomeimportantcomponentsintheecosystemoftheHezhengarea,anddominatedintheEarlyPleistocene.TheMiddleMioceneisatimeofhighdiversityforProboscidea,characterizedbyshovel-tuskedelephants.PerissodactylsintheHezhengareaareveryabundant,especiallyLateOligoceneandLateMiocenerhinocerosesaswellastheLateMioceneandEarlyPleistocenehorses.FromtheMiddleMiocene,artiodactylsbecameimportantcomponentsofthemammalianfaunas,especiallybovids.

简介：Theresearchofecologyandlandscapereestablishmentofriverfloodplainisconsideredfavorabletoitsconservationanddevelopment.Thesimilarityanddifferenceamongriverfloodplain,wetland,riversideandshorehavebeenreviewed,aswellastheprogressintheresearchoffloodplainecologyreestablishmentinquantitativeevaluation,vegetationrestoration,theinfluenceonanimalhabitatandtheapplicationofeco-engineering;andofthelandscapereestablishmentinresourcedevelopmentandutilization,landscapefeatureandchanges,landscapefunction,structureandcontrol.Thepotentiallyimportantfieldsareexpectedtobethechangeoflandscapepatternindifferentscales,thereasonableprotectionandutilizationinthefloodplaintourism,thesimulatingandmonitoringoflandscapedynamics,theplanninganddesigningmethodsoffloodplainlandscapeandthemanagementoffloodplainecosystems.

简介：微生物引起的分子的生态学技术，它被开发根据分子，在在构造快速的渗入(CRI)学习细菌被使用系统。这些技术在更好在CRI通过微生物引起的nucleic酸顺序碎片的分析描述在微生物引起的组结构和氮污染之间的细菌的差异，微生物引起的社区分发，和关系是很有效的。结果进一步揭示了污染的移动机制，它为在CRI的废水处理的改进是必要的。

简介：ThetestpanelshavebeensetforoneyearinthewatersofDaguanbanreclamationareaofLuoyuanBaytoinvestigatetheecologyoffoulingcommunity.39speciesofanimalsand8speciesofalgaehavebeenrecordedduringtheinvestigation.ThemainperiodofsettlementextendsfromMaytoOctober.ThepeakperiodsofbiomassandcoveredarearateofthepanelshavebeenobservedfromJunetoSeptemberBalanusreticulatus,Bugulaneritina,Molgulamanhattensis,TubulariamesembryanthemunandEnteromophainterstinalisarethedominantspeciesinthefoulingcommunity.Speciesdiversityindex,speciesrichness,speciesevennessandenvironmentalfactorsaredetermined,theresultsofwhichindicatethatwaterflowspeedisthemostimportantfactorinfluencingthespeciesandquantitycompositionofthefoulingcommunity.Astothemaricultureproductioninthereclamationarea,themainharmfulperiodrangesfromJunetoSeptember.

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简介：Asapexpredators,sharksareofecologicalandconservationimportanceinmarineecosystems.Inthisstudy,trophicpositionsofsharkswereestimatedusingstableisotoperatiosofcarbonandnitrogenforfiverepresentativespeciescaughtbytheChineselonglinefleetinthemid-eastPacific,i.e.,theblueshark(Prionaceglauca),thebigeyethreshershark(Alopiassuperciliosus),thesilkyshark(Carcharhinusfalciformis),thescallopedhammerhead(Sphyrnalewini),andtheoceanicwhitetipshark(Carcharhinuslongimanus).Ofthesespecies,oceanicwhitetipsharkhasthelowesttrophiclevelandmeanδ15Nvalue(3.9and14.93‰±0.84‰),whereasbigeyethreshersharkhasthehighestlevel/values(4.5and17.02‰±1.21‰,respectively).Thebigeyethreshersharkhassignificantlyhigherδ15Nvaluethanothersharkspecies,indicatingitshighertrophicposition.Thebluesharkandoceanicwhitetipsharkhassignificantlyhigherδ13Cvaluesthanbigeyethreshershark,silkysharkandscallopedhammerhead,possiblyduetodifferentdietsand/orlivinghabitats.Thestableisotopedataandstomachcontentdataarehighlyconsistent,suggestingthatstableisotopeanalysissupplementstraditionalfeedingecologystudyofsharks,andthuscontributestounderstandingtheirtrophiclinkage.