简介:随机有限断层法作为半经验半理论的地震动合成方法,综合考虑了震源、传播路径以及场地条件对地震动的影响,可在工程关注的频率范围内模拟地震动时程,为实现较大区域地震动模拟提供了一种有效的方法。本文系统阐述了随机有限断层法的基本原理、静力学拐角频率模型及动拐角频率模型的发展;分析了主要模型参数(断层尺度、破裂速度、剪切波速及应力降)、Kappa因子和介质品质因子的取值原则,并结合中国大陆的实际情况给出了相应的取值范围;最后讨论了现有模拟方法在考虑参数取值、子断层划分和子断层之间相互作用等方面的不足以及能量处理方式上的缺陷,明确了随机有限断层法发展的方向。
简介:Finite-difference(FD)methodsarewidelyusedinseismicforwardmodelingowingtotheircomputationalefficiencybutarenotreadilyapplicabletoirregulartopographies.Thus,severalFDmethodsbasedonthetransformationtocurvilinearcoordinatesusingbody-fittedgridshavebeenproposed,e.g.,standstaggeredgrid(SSG)withinterpolation,nonstaggeredgrid,rotatedstaggeredgrid(RSG),andfullystaggered.TheFDbasedontheRSGissomewhatsuperiortoothersbecauseitsatisfiesthespatialdistributionofthewaveequationwithoutadditionalmemoryandcomputationalrequirements;furthermore,itissimplertoimplement.WeusetheRSGFDmethodtotransformthefirstorderstress–velocityequationinthecurvilinearcoordinatessystemandintroducethehighprecisionadaptive,unilateralmimeticfinite-difference(UMFD)methodtoprocessthefreeboundaryconditionsofanirregularsurface.Thenumericalresultssuggestthattheprecisionofthesolutionishigherthanthatofthevacuumformalism.Whentheminimumwavelengthislow,UMFDavoidsthesurfacewavedispersion.WecompareFDmethodsbasedonRSG,SEM,andnonstaggeredgridandinferthatallsimulationresultsareconsistentbutthecomputationalefficiencyoftheRSGFDmethodishigherthantherest.
简介:Anewmulti-moderesistivityimagingsonde,withtoroidalcoilsassource,canconductthreeresistivitymeasurements:azimuthalresistivity,lateralresistivity,andbitresistivitymeasurements.Thus,theloggingtimeandcostaregreatlysaved.Thetoroidalcoilsaresimplifiedasanextendedvoltagedipoleandtheresponseequationsarederivedforahomogenousformation.Basedon3DFEM,thedepthofinvestigation(DOI),verticalresolution,circumferentialazimuthalcapacity,boreholediameter,mudresistivity,thicknessoftargetformation,andtheresistivityofthesurroundingformationandmudinvasionaresimulated.TheresultssuggestthatthethreemeasurementmodesofthenewsondearedifferentinverticalresolutionsandDOIs.Thecircumferentialdetectionabilityoftheazimuthbuttondependsonthecontrastbetweentheanomalyandformationresistivityandtheopenangleoftheanomaly.Whethertheboreholeistruncatedatthebitornothasagreatinfluenceonthesimulationresults.Theboreholeandmudinvasionaffecttheapparentresistivityinallmodes,buttheeffectsofresistivityofsurroundingformationandthicknessofthetargetformationareonlycorrectedforlateralresistivitymeasurement.