简介：SchimasuperbaiswidelyusedforshadedfuelbreaksinsouthernChina.Experimentsweredoneinthelaboratoryandwildfortestingtheeffectsoftheshadedfuelbreaks.TheconecalorimetertestresultsindicatedthatChinaredpine(Pinusmassoniana)needlesareeasytoburnundertheconditionoftheincidentradiantfluxat75kW/m^2andignitionsource,thepeakvalueofheatreleaserateofpineneedlesappearsearlier(22s)andhigher(146kW/m^2).S.superbaleavesburntslowlyandhadalowertotalheatrelease.ThemasslosscurvespresentthatthepeakvalueofpineneedleishigherthanthatofS.superbaleaves,whichis0.14g/sversusS.superba0.08g/s.AfireexperimenthasbeendoneinasuburbofGuangzhouCity.Itwasmeasuredthatthefuelloadsandtheirdistributionofthestandofpineandfuelbreakbeforeandafterthefireexperiment.Therewasalmostnograssandlitteronthegroundofthefuelbreakduetoclearinglittereveryyearatthebeginningoffireseason.Inthepineforest,therewereshrubs,grassesandlitterunderthestory.Duringtheburningexperiment,mostofthepineforesthassweptbysurfacefireataspreadspeedof2.2m/minandfireintensityof168-2961kW/m.Butinsomeareaalongtheoutsidefireline,thereoccurredcrownfireduetothehighfuelloadontheground.Theflamegot8.0-8.5mhighandfireintensity24881～28379kW/m.Partcrownofseveraltreesofthefuelbreakburntbecausethecrownfirespread.Butthefirehadnotacrossthefuelbreakandnospottingfirehappened.Thefireexperimentresultsindicatedthatthefuelbreakhaseffectsonmitigatingfireintensityanddepressfirespreadinsomedegree.Theshadedfuelbreakhastheabilityoffireresistanceanditsdensecrowncanblockspottingfireresources.

简介：BacterialwiltcausedbyPseudomonassolanacearum,isaveryseriousdiseaseofEucalyptusinsouthernChina,mainlyinGuangdong,HainanandGuangxiprovinces.Itcausesthedeathofseedlingsandyoungtreesandthemortalitymayexceed90percentinsomesites.SusceptiblespeciesincludeE.grandis,E.urophylla,hybridsbetweenthetwoandE.citriodora.InnurseryandfieldtrialswithE.urophyllaandfieldtrialwithE.grandisxE.urophyllainoculationofectomycorrhizalfungiwasfoundtored...

简介：Inordertoexplorethefeasibilityofcryopreservationondormantforesttreeseeds,theseedviabilityof4species(Malusbaccata,Prunusdavidiana,P.armenicaandAmygdalupersica)withmoisturecontent(MC)changingwastestedafter30-daystorageinliquidnitrogenof-196℃.Theresultsshowedthatallthe4speciesofseedscankeepastableviabilityaftercryopreservation.Intheprocedure,theoptimumMCwas48g/kgforM.baccata,27g/kgforP.davidiana,31g/kgforP.armenicaand45g/kgforA.persica,...

简介：Effectsofthreegapswhicharelarge(118m2),medium(86m2)andsmall(20m2),respectively,andundercanopyofTsugalongibracteataforestontheseedlingestablishmentofT.longibracteatawerestudiedthroughseedburialexperimentsfromDecember2003toJanuary2005inTianbaoyanNationalNatureReserveofFujian,China.TheresultsshowedthattheareaofgaphadanevidenteffectontheseedlingestablishmentofT.longibracteata.TheseedlingemergenceratesofT.longibracteatainplotsoflargegap,mediumgap,smallgapandundercanopywere10%,10%,4%and6%,representinganincreasingtrendalongwiththegapsizeincreasingwithoutasignificantdifference.Rainerodingandinsectsfeedingweretwomainfactorsleadingtoseedlingdeath.Thelargerthegapsizewas,themoreseedlingswerekilledbyrainerosionandthefewerseedlingswerekilledbyinsectsfeeding.Theemergencetimeofseedlingswasalmostsameinallplotswhiletheirdeathtimewasdifferentrespectively.Thegapsizehadasignificantimpactonseedlingsurvivalrate.Theseedlingsurvivalratewashighestinthemediumgapplot(27.0%)andnexttothehighestinlargegapplot(7.3%),andseedlinginsmallgapplotandundercanopyplotdiedoutafteronegrowingseason.Increasedlightsupplyingapswasfavorablefortheseedlingsgrowthandsurvival.IncreasedlightsupplyinthelargegapcouldenhancethegrowthofseedlingleafandrootofT.longibracteata,andtheseedlinginturnallocatedmoredrymasstorootandleaf,butithaslittleimpactonthegrowthofstem.ThisresearchindicatesthatT.longibracteataisapioneerspeciesanditsseedlingestablishmentneedamediumorlargegap(>50m2).

简介：Tostudytheinsecticidalactivityandtoxicitymechanismofspinosad,weassayedbioactivityofspinosadbyleafmembranemethodanditseffectsontheactivitiesofdetoxifyingandprotectiveenzymesinMalacosomaneustriatestacealarvaebyspectrophotometry.Theresultsshowedthatspinosadhadanextremelyhightoxicityagainstthe4thand5thinstarlarvae.TheglutathioneS-transfer(GST)activityin4thand5thinstarlarvaewasfirstlyinhibited,theninduced,andfinallyinhibited,whilethemixed-functionaloxidase(MFO)activitywasinhibitedandthenenhanced.Theinducedeffectoncarboxylesterase(CarE),theinducedandinhibitedeffectonacetylcholinesterase(AchE)andperoxidase(POD),andthecomplicatedeffectsonsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andCatalase(CAT)weredeterminedin4thinstarlarvaewithspinosadtreatment.However,theobviousinhibitioneffectswerefoundontheactivitiesofCarE,AchE,SODandPODinthe5thinstarlarvaewhereasthecatalase(CAT)activitywasinhibited,thenincreased,andinhibitedfinally.Therefore,spinosadcouldeffectivelydisruptandinterferenotonlythedetoxifyingandprotectiveenzymesbutalsonormalphysiologicalmetabolismofM.neustriatestaceaandshowextremelyhightoxicityagainstthispest.

简介：Toanalyzetheeffectofmetaloxideonelectricalresistivityofconductivewoodcharcoal,woodpowderofMassonpinewasmixedwithferricoxide(Fe_2O_3)andnickeloxide(NiO),respectively,andthenthemixedpowderswerecarbonizedathightemperatureinalaboratory-scaletubefurnaceinanitrogenatmosphere.DCY-3resistivitytesterwasusedtomeasureelectricalresistivityofconductivewoodcharcoal.Whencarbonizationtemperaturewas1200℃,theelectricalresistivityofcontrolsamples,Fe_2O_3(...

简介：Inordertoexplorethefeasibilityofcryopreservationstorageonforesttreeseeds,germinationofAmorphafruticosaandPlatycladusorientalisseedswithmoisturecontent(MC)changingwastestedafterstorageinliquidnitrogenof-196oCfor30d.Theresultsshowedthatbothspeciesofseedscankeephighgerminationpercentageaftercryopreservation.ForA.fruticosa,thegerminationpercentageofseedswasthehighestwhen4.1%MCwasusedforstorage,andforP.orientalisitwasthehighestwhen6...

简介：Bamboodeteriorationcausedbylightbecomesasignificantproblemasapplicationofbambooextendsfromindoortooutdoor.Thecolorandroughnessofbambooaretwoimportantexteriorperformances.ThisstudyfocusedonUVresistantnanocompositescoatingsforexterioruseandwhataimedtofindaformulationwhichcouldenhancethedurabilityofbamboo.Fourkindsoffilm-formingmaterialsandfourkindsofnanoparticleswereusedtoimprovebambooexteriorperformance.Thecolorandroughnessofnanocompositescoatingsweremeasuredduringacceleratedweathering.Artificialagingtimewas174hatthetemperatureof50℃.TheexperimentshowednanocompositescoatingshadsignificantimprovementinUV-shieldingandnearlyallthesamplespresentedadarkeningtendencyinΔL*andincreasingtendencyinΔa*,ΔE*andΔRa.TheorthogonalexperimentobtainedtheleastchangeincolorandRawhichcouldbeachievedwithnanocompositescoatingmadebymelamineresinandTiO2whena*wasconsideredasanimportantindex.Film-formingmaterialwastheonlyfactorwhichhadsignificantinfluenceoncolorandroughnesswhena*wasnotconsideredasimportantindex,thenmelamineresinwasthebestchoice.

简介：Forestmanagementinseveralborealcountriesisstronglyfocusedonconifersbecausetheyaremoreproductive,thetechnicalqualityoftheirstemsisbetter,andtheirwoodfibersarelongerascomparedtobroadleaves.Favoringconifersinforestmanagementleadstosimpleforeststructureswithlowresilienceanddiversity.Suchforestsareriskyinthefaceofclimatechangeandfluctuatingtimberprices.ClimatechangeincreasesthevitalityofmanyforestpestsandpathogenssuchasHeterobasidionspp.andIpstypographusL.whichattackmainlyspruce.Winddamagesarealsoincreasingbecauseofashorterperiodoffrozensoiltoprovideafirmanchorageagainststorms.Wind-throwntreesserveasstartingpointsforbarkbeetleoutbreaks.Increasingtheproportionofbroadleavedspeciesmightalleviatesomeoftheseproblems.Thisstudypredictsthelong-term(150years)consequencesofcurrentconifer-orientedforestmanagementintwoforestareas,andcomparedthismanagementwithsilviculturalstrategiesthatpromotemixedforestsandbroadleavedspecies.Theresultsshowthat,intheabsenceofdamages,conifer-orientedforestrywouldleadto5-10%highertimberyieldsandcarbonsequestration.Thesomewhatlowercarbonsequestrationofbroadleavedforestswascounteractedbytheirhigheralbedo(reflectance).Mixedandbroadleafforestswerebetterprovidersofrecreationalamenities.Speciesdiversitywasmuchhigherinmixedstandandbroadleaf-orientedsilvicultureatstandandforestlevels.Theanalysisindicatesthatconifer-orientedforestmanagementproducesrathersmallanduncertaineconomicbenefitsatahighcostinresilienceanddiversity.

简介：SinceforestationofpureforestofPinusmassonianaisliabletosufferfrompestcalamity,soilerosion,decreaseofsoilfertility,anddifficultyinwoodproductioninthehillyareasofsouthernChina,weconductedaninvestigationonthethreetypesofforestsinGao'anCountyofJiangxiProvince,namely,thepureforestofPinusmassoniana,thepureforestofSchimasuperba,andthemixedforestconsistingofthetwospecies,settingupstandardstand,measuringandstudyingthegrowingstock,biomass,leafarea,roots,soil,vegetation,pests,litters,soilerosion,microclimate,etc.,withthefollowingresults.①Theaverageheight,diameteratchestheight,andvolumeofthemixedforestarehigherthanthoseofthepureforestofPinusmassonianaby30.9%,31.7%and10.6%,respectively.②Thebiomassofthemixedforestis2.24timesasmuchasthatofthepureforestofPinusmassoniana.③Thelittersofthemixedforestis3.37timesand1.96timesasmuchasthelittersofthepureforestofPinusmassonianaandthepureforestofSchimasuperbarespectively.③TheoccurrenceofpestcalamitypertreeislowerandtheconditionsofsoilerosionandmicroclimatearebetterthanthoseofthepureforestofPinusmassoniana.④Themixedforestofthetwospeciesisanexcellentmixedtypeofneedle-leafanddeciduousforestworthbeingpopularizedinChina'ssubtropicalareas,especiallyinthelowhillyareas.Itisrecommendedinplantationthatthemixedpatternsbebetweentrees,lines,smallblocks,orscattered-dots,theratioofmixtureofPinusmassonianaandSchimasuperbabe5to1,or3to1,andtheinitialspacebetweentreesbe1.2,1.5,or2.0mwhiletheinitialdensitybe6944to4440treespersquarehectare.

简介：Globalwarmingisoneofthehottestenvironmentproblems.OneofthereasonsisthesharpincreaseofCO2inatmosphere.Soilrespirationinforestecosystemsaccountsto60%-90%oftotalecosystemrespirationandisthereforeoneofthekeycomponentsoftheglobalCcycle.Thispapersummarizeddifferentresponsesofsoilrespirationtoforestmanagementmeasures,anddescribedtherelevantresearchesathomeandabroadontheeffectofmanagementmeasureslikeharvesting,forestfertilization,soilimproving(Liming),litterremoval,andprescribedburningonsoilrespiration.

简介：

简介：Nitrogendepositionimposesimportantimpactonthefunctionandthestabilityofforestcarbonsequestration.Thispaperreviewedtheresearchadvancesintheincreasingresponseofforestcarbonsequestrationtonitiogendeposition,describedtheapplicationprospectsofstablecarbonisotopetechniqueintheresearchfield.Andfinallythispaperpointedoutthat,ontheconditionthatnitrogendepositionrises,ontheallocationofforestphotosyntheticproductsandthechangeinsoilcarbonturnoverratearethetwohotspotsinthefuturecarboncyclingresearch.

简介：Co-managementisanewmanagingpatternofthedevelopmentofnaturereserve.Itrelievestheconflictsofresourceutilizationbetweennaturereserveandcommunity,encouragesvillagerstoparticipateintheprotectionofnaturereservebio-diversity,attemptstoimprovetheconditionsofcommunityproductionandliving,andelevatesthelivings

简介：Weinvestigatedtheeffectofseedmassonemergence,seedlingsurvivalandgrowthofPterocarpusmarsupiumRoxb.,amediumtolarge,commerciallyvaluableanddeciduoustreespecies.Amongthethreesizeclassesviz.small(10-12mm),medium(13-15mm)andlarge(16-17mm),themaximumproportionofseedbynumber(54.12%)anddryweight(51.87%)wasrecordedinthemediumsizeseedclass.Seedlengthandseedwidthweregreatestinthelargeseedclass(16.50mm,7.33mm)followedbymedium(13.50mm,5.60mm)andsmall(11.37mm,3.66mm).Similarly,hundredseedweight(100sw)variedfromamaximumof12.92ginthelargeseedclasstointermediate10.95ginthemediumseedclassandminimumof7.02ginthesmallseedclass.Thelargeseedsizeshowedmaximumemergenceandshootlengthoverthemediumandsmallseedclass.Aftersixmonthsofgrowth,significantvariationsduetoseedsizewerealsoobservedforthegrowthanddryweightofP.marsupiumseedlings.Seedlingvigour,expressedintermsofheight,collardiameter,numberofleavesanddrybiomass,wassignificantlyaffectedbyseedclass.Seedlingsthatemergedfromlargeseedsshowedbettergrowthandproducedheavierseedlingsascomparedtomediumandsmallseeds.

简介：Background:Mangroverestorationseekstorestoreorrebuilddegradedmangrovesystems.Themethodsofmangroverestorationincludeecologicalprojectsandrestoration-orientedtechnologies,thelatterofwhicharedesignedtorestorethestructure,processesaswellasrelatedphysical,chemicalandbiologicalcharacteristicsofwetlandsandtoensuretheprovisionofecosystemservices.Asimportantcomponentsofmangroveecosystem,benthicorganismsandcrabsplayakeyroleinnutrientcycling.Inaddition,mangroverestoration,suchasvegetationrestorationmeasures,canleadtochangesinthebenthicfaunalcommunities.Thisstudyinvestigateswhetherthepresenceofdifferentmangrovespecies,ageandcanopycoverofmangrovecommunitiesaffectthedensityofcrabburrows.Methods:TheLuoyangjiangEstuary,inthesoutheastofFujianProvince,wasselectedasourresearcharea.Asurvey,covering14sites,wasconductedtoinvestigatetheimpactsofmangroverestorationonthedensityofcrabburrowsinfourrehabilitatedforestswithdifferentstandagesandcanopy.Results:Itwasfoundthatdifferencesinvegetationtypeshadalargeimpactoncrabdensityandthatthedensityofcrabburrowswasloweronexposedbeaches(non-mangrove)thanundermatureKandeliacandel,AegicerascorniculatumandAvicenniamarinacommunities.Ingeneral,theamountofleaflitteranddebrisonmangrovemudflatswasgreaterthanonthebeachesasfoodsourcesforcrabs.Two-factoranalysisofvariance(ANOVA)showsthatchangesinmangrovespeciesandagesincerestorationhaddifferenteffectsoncrabburrowdensity.Theeffectofcanopycoverwashighlysignificantoncrabburrowdensity.Conclusions:Theresultssuggestthatintheprocessofmangroverestorationthecombinedeffectsofmangrovestandage,canopycoverandotherfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccount.Thisstudyfurthersupportsthefindingsofthefuturescientificresearchandpracticeonmangroverestorationandmanagementmeasures.

简介：Theeffectofwoodspecies(ChinesefirandPoplar),woodfibercontent(10%,25%,40%)andwoodfibersizes(16to32mesh,32-65mesh,above65mesh)onthepropertiesofthewoodfiber-Polypropylenecompositeswerestudiedinthispaper.Theresultsindicatethattheeffectofwoodfibercontentandsizeincompositeweremoreimportantthanthatofchosenwoodspecies.Comparedwithpolypropylenewithoutwoodfiber,theflexuralstrengthofthecompositesincreasedwhenaddingwoodfiberintopolypr...

简介：AccordingtothecultivatingpracticeofLarixolgensispulpplantation,IRR(Internalrevenuerate)andNPV(Netpresentvalue)weretakenastwoeconomicindicestostudytheeffectofcultivationmeasurementsoneconomicbenefitofLarixolgensispulpforest.Theresultsshowedthattheeconomicbenefitofthistypeofforestiscloselyrelatedtorotationandsiteclass.Highereconomicbenefitcouldbeobtainedwhentherotationisshorterandsiteclassishigher.Theplantingdensityalsohadanobviousinfluenceoneconomicbenefit.Onthebaseofassuringsurvivalrateandconservingrate,thelessthefeeusedinsoilpreparationandyounggrowthtendingis,thehighertheeconomicbenefitis.Theinfluenceofdeterminedsixcultivationmeas-uresoneconomicbenefitinsequencewastherotation-siteclass-density-managementfeelevel-younggrowthtendingin-tensity-soilpreparationmethods.

简介：Leafshapesarenotonlytheusefulindicatorsinplanttaxonomy,butalsotheimportantfactorsaffectingenergyandmaterialexchangeinleaves.Inthispaper,wecollectedandscannedtheleavesofNitrariatangutoruminDengkouofInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion（themeanannualprecipitation145mm）andMinqinofGansuProvince（themeanannualprecipitation115mm）andN.sphaerocarpainDunhuang,andthenanalyzedleafshapeparameterswithImage-ProPlus6.0imageprocessingsoftwareandleafδ13CvaluesintheisotopelaboratoryoftheChineseAcademyofForestry.Theresultshowedthat:1)asleafareaincreasedwithincreasingwateravailabilitytheincreasesintheleaflengthandwidthwereasynchronously;2)withthesameleafwidth,the1eavesofN.tangutorumandN.sphaerocarpaweresignificantlylongerinhighwateravailableconditions;and3)althoughthereweresignificantlydifferencesinwateravailabilitybetweenDengkouandMinqin,aswellasbetweenthebottomandmiddleofthealluvialfanneartheEastLakeinDunhuang,theleafδ13CvaluesofN.tangutorumorN.sphaerocarpaweresimilarindifferentwaterconditions（P>0.05）.Ourresultssuggestedthattheratioofleafperimetertoareawouldbeanimportantfactorwhichlinkedleafshapetoplantwaterphysiology.Duringgrowingprocedureofleafarea,leaflengthincreasewaspriortoitswidthtoalleviatethereductioninratioofperimetertoareaandmaintainwateruseefficiencyoftheplant.

简介：Afterfreezingsnowdisaster,standsofPinusmassoniana,Cunninghamialanceolata.Liquidambarformosana,CinnamomumcamphoraandPhyllostachyspubescensandnewburnedareasinHunanProvinceweresurveyedbysettingfieldplots.Moisturecontentandfuelloadweremeasuredbysamplingandfirebehavior(suchasrateoffirespread)wascalculated.Theresultsshowedthatfuelloadgotdoubledinstantly,fuelthicknessenhanced,fuelcontinuityswelledandwatercontentoffueldecreasedasshrubsandherbsdie...