简介：Inthe20yearsaftertheUNEnvironmentandDevelopmentConferencein1992,theessentialissuesinrelationtosustainabledevelopmenthavebeenunsolved.Theupcoming"Rio+20"conferenceputthefocusontheshifttowardsgreendevelopment.Toachievethisrequiresthechangeofsomeideologiesthatdominatehumanactions,suchastheconceptsofwealth,welfareandsecurity,anditalsorequireidentifyingthenewpositionofnatureresources,especiallythepositionofforest.Itwaspointedoutinthepaperthatforestisthefoundationofsocioeconomicdevelopmentandconstitutesbasicwealth,basicwelfareandbasicsecurityofthewholecommunityunderthegreendevelopmentcontext.Nevertheless,itisamusttoaggressivelyinvestanddevelopgreeneconomy.Itwasalsoproposedtosetupforestrydevelopmentorganizations,investmentmechanisms,policysystemandresearch&educationsystemcompatiblewithgreendevelopment.Moreover,someforestrypoliciesthatshouldberevisedwerecombed.

简介：Byreviewsoftherelatedpapersandworksabouturbangreenspacesystemplanningathomeandabroad,thepaperdefinedtheconceptandclassificationofurbangreenspacesystem,andfunctions,tasks,structureandlayoutofgreenlandsystemplanning.Inthemeantime,thepaperintroducedrelatedtheory,reviewedthedevelopmentandcurrentsituationofdomesticgreenlandsystem,andfinallyforecastedthedevelopmenttrends.

简介：Thegreengovernment(public)procurementsystemplaysanimportantroleinachievingthepolicyobjectiveofenergysavingandenvironmentalprotection,andpromotinggreentechnologyprogressinenterprises.ThegreengovernmentprocurementstartscomparativelylateinChina,andtherearestillalotofproblemsinthelegalsystem,procurementstandards,organizationandmanagementsystem,informationcommunicationandmonitoringevaluationmechanismsandsoforth.Withinternationalexperienceastherefer...

简介：Thesimilaritytheorywassystematicallyintroduced,bycombiningthetheoryandtheanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP),andtakingthedynamicchangesoftwo-stagegreenlandpatchesinShenzhenasanexample,thepatchessimilarityofeachdistrictandeachgreenlandtypewereestimated.Thelocation,shapeandareasofgreenlandunitwereusedasthesimilarityelements.Thenthesimilaritycoefficientscanbedefined.Theoverlappingnumberofgreenlandpatchesindicatedthelocationvariationofgreenland.Theratioofminimumandmaximumshapeindexofgreenlandindicatedtheshapevariationofgreenland.Withthesamemethod,theareasvariationcoefficientwasalsoobtained.Theresultsshowsthatbasedonsimilaritytheoryandmethodtheestimationofgreenlandvariationisfeasible,whichcanprovideeffectivemethodsandaccordanceforthefurtherassessmentofgreenlanddevelopmentinShenzhenSpecialEconomicZone.

简介：美国：美国GreenEnergyResources公司宣布接受一项为期5年，每年发货36次，年交易额6100万美元的合同，向欧洲提供能源木片，预计2009年收益5000万美元，2010年1亿美元，2011年占有欧洲能源木片进口20％的份额。该公司为电力行业提供木片或木纤维燃料，主要市场是欧洲。目前，美国市场尚在形成阶段，预料会有持续的扩展。GreenEnergyResources公司是一家环境友好的公司，木片来自城市废弃木材、回收木材和灾害摧毁的树木。

简介：ＧＲＥＥＮＭＥＳＳＥＮＧＥＲ──ＷＯＭＥＮ’ＳＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢＲＩＧＡＤＥＩＮＹＯＵＸＩＶＩＬＬＡＧＥＢｙｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｔｅａｍ“ＷｏｍｅｎａｎｄＳｏｃｉａｌＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙ”Ｗｏｍｅｎｉｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓａｒｅａｓｗａｒ...

简介：ThesustainedgrowthofChineseeconomyinthenewcenturyisasilverlininginthecontinuouslydepressedglobaleconomy.Meanwhile,therapiddevelopmentofChineseeconomyisstillconfrontedwithconstraintsfromdeterioratingenvironmentandruralpovertyissues.Ithasbecomeasignificantpolicyoptioninmaintaininghighspeed,efficiencyandsounddevelopmentofChineseeconomytorehabilitateforestresources,improveecologicalconditions,increasefarmers'incomeandgetonasustainableroadfeaturingcoordinateddevelopmentofpopulation,resourcesandenvironment.TheGrainforGreenProgram,asaCDMactivityofChinesestyle,launchedontrialin1999andimplementedin2002acrossthecountry,isthebiggestlandusetransition,watershedmanagementandpovertyalleviationprograminvolvingthelargestpopulationinChinesehistoryandacrosstheglobe.Itcovers25provinces/regions/citiesandgetsover1600counties,15millionhouseholdsand60millionfarmerswereinvolved.HencetheGrainforTreepolicyhasasignificantbearingonecologicalprotectionandfarmers'povertyalleviationinthesoilandwatererosion-proneregion.Areviewandassessmentofthebackground,essentials,effects,problemsandtrendoftheGrainforTreepolicyisofgreatsignificanceforbothChinaandtheotherdevelopingcountriesintheworldintheireffortstocombatthedeterioratingenvironmentandalleviatepoverty.

简介：Inordertocombatillegalloggingandassociatedtradeandpromotesustainableforestmanagement,majordevelopedcountries,includingFrance,haveimplementedgreenprocurementpolicyforforestproducts.ThispaperdescribedthebackgroundofwhyFranceimplementsgreenprocurementpolicyforforestproducts,analyzedthebasiccontentofthepolicy,andmadeacomprehensiveassessmentoftheimpactofgreenprocurementpolicyonsuppliers,processors,eco-environmentandcompetitivenessofforestproduc...

简介：Juglansmandshurica格言的绿皮的摘录是为学习它的杀虫的活动并且分析活跃部件的提取bycommon方法。白酒摘录和氯仿摘录分开的Resultsshowed(用氯仿fromalcohol摘录分开了)J的形式绿色皮。mandshurica对LymantriadisparL的幼虫在接触toxicityand胃毒性举办杀虫的活动...在摘录forfive天的申请以后，为两篇摘录的Lymantriadispar的幼虫的改正的死亡是在≥的集中的超过50%in接触毒性和胃毒性5g·L~(-1)。为白酒摘录和摘录的氯仿部分的insecticidalactivity是在在胃毒性的接触toxicitythan的更多的效果，但是在杀虫的活动的重要差别都不是摘录的foundbetween白酒摘录和氯仿部分。在从绿皮of/mandshurica的氯仿partof摘录的活跃部件被GCMS分析。分析结果证明在氯仿的活跃部件摘录分开的thatthe是：(1)juglone(5-hydroxy-l,4-naphthaoquinone)，相对内容27.11%，(2)1,5-Naphthalenediol，相对内容9.52%，(3)7-Methoxy-l-tetralone，相对内容6.81%，(4)Benzofuran，2,3-dihydro-，relativecontent6.76%，(5)4-Hydroxy-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde，相对内容3.99%，(6)2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol，相对内容3.05%。

简介：Greeninfrastructureisclassicpublicgoodswhichcanbeutilizedbyeverybodysimultaneouslyatanytimeoftheday.Greeninfrastructurewhichistheinterconnectedsystemofgreenspacesthatconservesnaturalecosystemvaluesandfunctions,sustainscleanairandwater,notonlyprovideapleasantandnaturalenvironmentbutalsocontributetoimprovingqualityoflifeinurbanareas.Inotherwordsgreeninfrastructureisthecommunity'snaturallifesupportsystemandtheecologicalframeworkneededforenvironmentalandeconomicsustainabilityinurbanareas.Withinthiscontext,thispaperoffersanoverviewofgreeninfrastructuredevelopmentinMalaysia,itsstatus,constraint,potentialandfuturedirections.ThecasestudyofKualaLumpurcity,whichisoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesinthecountry,highlightsthescenarioofurbanareasdevelopmentinMalaysia.Thisincludestheroleplayedbythegovernmentagenciesandnon-governmentorganizationsindevelopingandpromotingforestareasaspublicparks.Theprovisionsofrecreationalandeducationalfacilitiesintheparksaswellastheprotectionmeasuresoftheresourcesundertakenbyrelevantauthoritiesarealsodiscussed.Thispaperalsohighlightstheresponseofthepublictotheopportunitiesbeingprovidedintheseareasforrecreationandeducationpurposes.

简介：林区公路网密度,从广义上来讲就是林业企业在木材生产期间,进行采伐的每公顷过熟林区面积上,应达到合理道路数量。建立公式的方法是把自然条件下不规则的林地模拟成任意长宽比的矩形或方形,假定林区道路(以下简称道路)从模图中心穿过,并垂直于道路方向集材,沿线装车,基于这种假设来建立路网密度与集材距离的函数关系。

简介：Background:Theroleofwildfoodsincombatingproblemsoffoodshortageisparamount.However,existingapproachestocombatfoodinsecurityshockhavegenerallyfocusedonreducingvulnerabilityviaincreasingproductivityofdomesticatedfoods.Incontrast,approachesthatenhanceresiliencemainlythroughwildfoodsourceshavebeenlessfocused.ThisstudyexaminedthecontributionofwildfoodstohouseholdresiliencetofoodinsecurityinthegreenfaminebeltofEthiopia.Methods:Across-sectionalsurveyof220householdswasconductedusingastructuredquestionnaire,keyinformantinterviews,andsemi-participantobservations.FactoranalysiswasrunusingSPSStoanalyzedata.Correlationanalysiswasusedtoexaminethedirectionandstrengthofassociationbetweenwildfoodsandtheincomeandfoodaccess(IFA),alatentproxyindicatorofresilience.Cross-tabulationwasalsoruntodeterminetheproportionofhouseholdsineachethno-culturegroupundereachresiliencecategory.Results:Themeanamountofwildfoodsobtainedbyhouseholdswas156.61kgperhouseholdperannum.Thiswasabout5%and9%of,grossand,netfoodavailablefromallsourcesrespectively.Wildfoodscontributedwelltohouseholdresilienceasthefactorloading(Factor2=0.467)waslargeenoughandweresignificantlycorrelatedwithIFA(r=0.174).Wildvegetableswerethemostcollectedandconsumedtypeofwildfoodsconstituting52.4%oftotalamountofwildfoods.Thetotalamountofwildfoodswassmallerthanthatofdomesticatedsourcesoffood.Themajorityofhouseholds(38.6%)reported'reducedsourceofwildfoods'asareasonforthis.Smallerproportionoftheindigenous(11.2%)thanthenon-indigenous(34.1%)ethno-culturegroupreportedoneormorereasonsfortheirlowerlevelofdependenceonwildfoods.Conclusion:Fromthestudyweconcludedthatwildfoodshadimportantcontributiontohouseholds'resiliencetofoodshortagesandarelikelytocontinuetocontributeinthefuture,thisbeingmoretoindigenousthannon-indigenousethno-

简介：Decompositiondynamicswerecomparedamonggreentreeleaves,partiallydecomposedtreeleaflitter(i.e.,decayedtreeleaflitteronforestfloor)andamixtureofthetwoinawarmtemperateforestecosystemincentralChinatotesttheinfluenceoflitterchemicalqualityonthedegreeofdecomposition.Thestudywasconductedinsituattwocontrastingforestsites,anoakforestdominatedbyQuercusalienavar.acuteserrataMaxim.,andamixedpineandoakforestdominatedbyPinusarmandiiFranch.andQ.alienavar.acuteserrata.Wefoundmarkeddifferencesintherateofdecompositionamonglittertypesatbothforestsites;thelitterdecompositionconstant,k,wasabout39%greaterattheoakforestsiteandmorethan70%greateratthepine-oakforestsite,forgreenleavesthanforpartiallydecomposedleaflitter.Thedecompositiondynamicsandtemporalchangesinlitterchemistryofthethreelittertypesalsogreatlydifferedbetweenthetwoforestsites.Atbothforestsites,thehigherrateofdecompositionforthegreenleaveswasassociatedwithahighernitrogen(N)contentandlowercarbontoNratio(C/N)andacid-unhydrolyzableresiduetoNratio(AUR/N).Wedidnotfindanynonadditiveeffectswhenmixinggreenleavesandpartiallydecomposedleaflitter.Ourfindingssupportthecontentionthatlitterchemicalqualityisoneofthemostimportantdeterminantsoflitterdecompositioninforestecosystemsatthelocalorregionalscale,buttheeffectoflitterchemicalqualityondecompositiondiffersbetweenthecontrastingforesttypesandmayvarywiththestageofdecomposition.