简介：Dustemissionsfromsmelters,asamajorcontributortoheavymetalcontaminationinsoils,couldseverelyinfluencesoilquality.Downwindsurfacesoilswithin1.5kmofazincsmelter,whichwasactivefor10yearsbutceasedin2000,inMaguTown,GuizhouProvince,ChinawereselectedtoexaminePb,Zn,andCdconcentrationsandtheirfractionationalongadistancegradientfromazincsmelter,andtostudythepossiblee?ectsofPb,Zn,andCdaccumulationonsoilmicroorganismsbycomparingwithareferencesoillocatedatadownwinddistanceof10kmfromthezincsmelter.Soilswithin1.5kmofthezincsmelteraccumulatedhighlevelsofheavymetalsZn(508mgkg-1),Pb(95.6mgkg-1),andCd(5.98mgkg-1)withlowratiosofZn/Cd(59.1-115)andPb/Cd(12.4-23.4).Compositepollutionindices(CPIs)ofsurfacesoils(2.52-15.2)were3to13timeshigherthanthereferencesoils.Inmetalaccumulatedsoils,exchangeablepluscarbonate-boundfractionsaccountedformorethan10%ofthetotalZn,Pb,andCd.Thesaturationdegreeofmetals(SDM)insoilswithin1.5kmofthesmelter(averaging1.25)wassixtimeshigherthanthatofthereferencesoils(0.209).Asmallersoilmicrobialbiomasswasfoundmorefrequentlyinmetalaccumulatedsoils(85.1-438μgCg-1)thaninreferencesoils(497μgCg-1),andanegativecorrelation(P<0.01)ofsoilmicrobialbiomasscarbontoorganiccarbonratio(Cmic/Corg)withSDMwasobserved.Microbialconsumptionofcarbonsourceswasmorerapidincontaminatedsoilsthaninreferencesoils,andashiftinthesubstrateutilizationpatternwasapparentandwasnegativelycorrelatedwithSDM(R=-0.773,P<0.01).Consequently,dustdepositedPb,Zn,andCdinsoilsfromzincsmeltingwerereadilymobilized,andweredetrimentaltosoilqualitymainlyinrespectofmicrobialbiomass.

简介：

简介：第6届中国水土保持学会科学技术奖评选结果近日公布，8项成果榜上有名，其中一等奖空缺，二等奖3项，三等奖5项。

简介：为了阐明森林植被的水源涵养功能,对北京九龙山油松纯林、华北落叶松纯林、侧柏纯林、樟子松纯林、栓皮栎纯林、五角枫纯林、油松日本落叶松混交林、油松华北落叶松混交林等8种林分类型的枯落物和土壤持水性能进行研究.结果表明：各林分枯落物总储量变化范围为8.87～47.87t/hm^2,其中未分解层储量大于半分解层储量;综合枯落物未分解层和半分解层最大持水量和有效拦蓄量的变化规律来看,油松纯林最大持水量最大（36.46t/hm^2）,其次为华北落叶松纯林（36.06t/hm^2）,侧柏纯林最小（11.83t/hm^2）;油松日本落叶松混交林的有效拦蓄量最大（23.51t/hm^2）,其次为樟子松纯林（19.85t/hm^2）,侧柏纯林最小（9.53t/hm^2）;综合考虑不同林分枯落物与土壤涵养水源能力发现,华北落叶松纯林和油松华北落叶松混交林具有良好的水源涵养功能;不同层次枯落物持水量、吸水速率与浸水时间均存在较好的函数关系;8种林分土壤容重均值在0.89～1.41g/cm3之间变动,总孔隙度在39.43％～54.23％之间变动;林地土壤的入渗速率与人渗时间通过回归分析得出,二者呈幂函数关系,且R2值均在0.90以上.