简介:流行病学的研究为长期的肝炎B的一个原因的角色提供了压到优势的证据在hepatocellular癌(HCC)的发展的病毒(HBV)感染。然而,HBV感染的致病和联系HBV的HCC的carcinogenesis仍然是逃犯的。这评论将在涉及HBV相关的肝carcinogenesis的机制上总结当前的知识。在肿瘤形成的HBV的角色出现到复杂,并且可以包含直接、间接的机制。进主人染色体的HBVDNA的集成发生在同种细胞的肿瘤的早步扩大,和它被显示了提高主人chromosomal不稳定性,导致大转换复制,删除和chromosomaltranslocations。chromosomal改变的率在HBV相关的肿瘤显著地被增加,这被显示出。病毒的规章的HBVx蛋白质的延长表示可以贡献调整表明小径的细胞的抄写,蛋白质降级,增长,和apoptotic,并且它在hepatocellular癌的发展起一个关键作用。
简介:肝炎B病毒(HBV)感染是使世界范围的3.5亿个人担心的一个全球公共健康问题。有长期的肝炎B(CHB)的个人在开发肝肝硬化,肝的补偿不全和hepatocellular癌的增加的风险。为了维持,无法发现的病毒的负担减少长期的感染复杂并发症。没有治疗,根除HBV感染。当前的药是昂贵的,与不利事件被联系,并且具有有限功效。当前的指南试着标准化临床的实践。不过,争吵与CHB关于无征状的病人的管理留下,并且什么是肝炎Be抗原(HBeAg)与正常丙氨酸aminotransferase积极是病毒的负担的截止价值区分HBeAg否定的CHB病人和不活跃的搬运人。我们详细讨论DNA水平为什么独自不是足够的开始CHB的治疗。
简介:Thisarticlediscussestheadequatetreatmentofearlygallbladdercancer(T1a,T1b)andisbasedonpublishedstudiesextendingovernearly3decades.Randomizedstudiesandmetaanalysescomparingdifferentsurgicaltreatmentsdonotexist.Theliteratureshowsthatinupto20%ofpatientslymphnodemetastasisarefoundinT1bgallbladdercancer.Duetohighmalignancywithearlyangiolymphaticspreadandresistancetochemotherapyandradiationontheonehand,andtherelativelowoperativeriskofextendedcholecystectomy(cholecystectomyandregionallymphadenectomy)ontheotherhand,webelievethatthisprocedureismandatoryinearlygallbladdercancer.
简介:瞄准:在首先有教养的人的胎儿的hepatocytes(HFH)调查肝炎B(HBV)的感染和复制。方法:人的胎儿的hepatocytes在没有浆液的中等、HBV积极的浆液是有教养的被增加进媒介学习hepatocytes的危险性到HBV感染。上层清液为ELISA被收集HBsAg和HBeAg的试金,和为HBV-DNA的量的荧光PCR试金日报。白朊和HBcAg,CK8和CK18表情被免疫组织化学在有教养的hepatocytes检测。lactatedehydrogenate(LDH)的内容被测量发现房间膜的正直。结果:一个稳定的hepatocyte文化系统被建立。HBV能感染hepatocytes并且复制,并且HBcAg表示能被免疫组织化学在象hepatocyte一样房间检测。在上层清液的HBV-DNA能从d被检测2到d18并且HBsAg和HBeAg在d3-d上是积极的18在HBV感染以后。在媒介的HBV从d增加了0到d6并且当房间日益增多地正在松开他们的hepatocyte显型,随后减少了。结论:HBV能感染人的胎儿的hepato-cytes并且复制。这个在试管内模型在与人的HBV入口联系进房间和随后的复制的早事件上允许详细研究。
简介:HepatitisB(HB)virus(HBV)infection,whichcauseslivercirrhosisandhepatocellularcarcinoma,isendemicworldwide.HepatitisBvaccinesbecamecommerciallyavailableinthe1980s.TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedtheintegrationoftheHBvaccineintothenationalimmunisationprogramsinallcountries.HBVpreventionstrategiesareclassifiedintothreegroups:(1)universalvaccinationalone;(2)universalvaccinationwithscreeningofpregnantwomenplusHBimmuneglobulin(HBIG)atbirth;and(3)selectivevaccinationwithscreeningofpregnantwomenplusHBIGatbirth.Mostlow-incomecountrieshaveadopteduniversalvaccineprogramswithoutscreeningofpregnantwomen.However,HBvaccinesarenotwidelyusedinlow-incomecountries.TheGlobalAllianceforVaccineandImmunizationwaslaunchedin2000,andby2012,theglobalcoverageofathree-doseHBvaccinehadincreasedto79%.Thenextchallengesaretofurtherincreasethecoveragerate,closethegapbetweenrecommendationsandroutinepractices,approachhighriskindividuals,screenandtreatchronicallyinfectedindividuals,andpreventbreakthroughinfections.ToeradicateHBVinfections,strenuouseffortsarerequiredtoovercomesocioeconomicbarrierstotheHBvaccine;thistaskisexpectedtotakeseveraldecadestocomplete.
简介:瞄准:由transfecting观察肝炎B复制和表示的抑制基于向量的小干扰RNA(siRNA)pGenesil-HBVX指向HBVX基因区域进HepG2.2.15房间。方法:pGenesil-HBVX被构造并且transfected进经由lipofection的HepG2.2.15房间。HBV抗原分泌物被决定在由解决时间的immunofluorometric试金(TRFIA)的transfection以后的24,48,和72h。HBV复制被荧光检验细胞质的病毒的蛋白质的量的PCR,和表示被免疫组织化学决定。结果:进上层清液的HBsAg和HBeAg的分泌物被发现被28.5%和32.2%禁止(P<0.01),并且在38.67%(P<0.05)并且42.86%(P<0.01)在在pGenesil-HBVXtransfection以后的48h和72h分别地。为细胞质的HBsAg染色的Immunohistochemical在HepG2.2.15房间显示出类似的衰落在transfection以后的48h。在文化上层清液以内的HBV染色体的数字显著地也被减少48h和由荧光PCR确定了的72hpost-transfection(P<0.05)。结论:在HepG2.2.15房间,HBV复制和表示被指向编码区域的HBVX的基于向量的siRNApGenesil-HBVX禁止。
简介:瞄准:在与clinicopathological特征和成纤维细胞生长因素受体1的表示(FGFR1)和ephrinligands的关系在胃的癌症澄清Ephrin受体A4(EphA4)的表示和角色。方法:十一根胃的癌房间线,胃的腺癌的24个配对的外科的新鲜标本并且邻近非,肿瘤组织,74个常规修理福尔马林的、嵌入石蜡的肿瘤标本,和55个标本在组织上看到微数组(TMA)被分析。反向的transcription-PCR(RT-PCR),即时RT-PCR,免疫组织化学,和房间生长试金被执行。结果:EphA4mRNA表示的Overexpression在8被观察(73%)11胃的癌症,房间排队并且10(42%)24胃的癌症纸巾。EphA4的Overexpression,由免疫组织化学分析了,在62被观察(48%)129胃的癌症纸巾。在蛋白质水平,在表示上的EphA4显著地与侵略和复发的深度被联系。在表示上的EphA4也在表示上与FGFR1被相关。有EphA4积极的癌症的病人比有显著地更短的全面幸存时期与EphA4否定的癌症做了那些(P=0.0008)。为ephrinligands的mRNAs是在在胃的癌症房间线和癌症纸巾的各种各样的联合的coexpressed。由在EphA4-overexpressing胃的癌症房间线的siRNA的EphA4表示的Downregulation在房间生长导致了重要减少。结论:我们的结果建议那在胃的癌症在EphA4的表示上起一个作用。
简介:AIM:ToelucidatethemolecularmechanismsunderlyinghepatitisBvirus(HBV)occultinfectionofgenotypeC.METHODS:Atotalof10typesofhepatitisBsurfaceantigen(HBsAg)variantsfromaKoreanoccultcohortwereused.AfteracompleteHBVgenomeplasmidmutatedsuchthatitdoesnotexpressHBsAgandplasmidencoding,eachHBsAgvariantwastransientlyco-transfectedintoHuH-7cells.ThesecretioncapacityandintracellularexpressionoftheHBVvirionsandHBsAgsintheirrespectivevariantswereanalyzedusingreal-timequantitativepolymerasechainreactionassaysandcommercialHBsAgenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassays,respectively.RESULTS:AllvariantsexhibitedlowerlevelsofHBsAgsecretionintothemediumcomparedwiththewildtype.Inparticular,ineightofthetenvariants,verylowlevelsofHBsAgsecretionthatweresimilartothenegativecontrolweredetected.Incontrast,mostvariants(9/10)exhibitednormalvirionsecretioncapacitiescomparablewith,orevenhigherthan,thewildtype.ThisprovidednewinsightintotheintrinsicnatureofoccultHBVinfection,whichleadstoHBsAgsero-negativenessbuthashorizontalinfectivity.Furthermore,mostvariantsgeneratedhigherreactiveoxidativespeciesproductionthanthewildtype.ThisfindingprovidespotentiallinksbetweenoccultHBVinfectionandliverdiseaseprogression.CONCLUSION:ThepresentlyobtaineddataindicatethatdeficiencyinthesecretioncapacityofHBsAgvariantsmayhaveapivotalfunctionintheoccultinfectionsofHBVgenotypeC.
简介:瞄准:为了为在肝炎B估计肝的纤维变性决定结缔组织生长因素(CCN2/CTGF)的用途,病毒(HBV)导致了长期的肝疾病(CLD-B)。方法:连接酶的immunosorbent试金被用来与导致HBV的活跃的肝肝硬化和30个健康个人与长期的肝炎B(CHB)和39个病人从107个病人在sera测量CCN2。从有CHB,有导致HBV的肝肝硬化的8个病人和有正常的肝组织学的8个HBV搬运人的31个病人的肝样品为转变生长因素-1(TGF-1)或CCN2mRNA层次由被检验在situ杂交,并且计算机图象分析被执行在肝纸巾测量CCN2mRNA积极的房间的综合最佳的密度(IOD)。组织学的发炎分级和纤维变性阶段被H并且E染色和凡·吉森斯方法评估。结果:分别地,浆液CCN2集中作为与健康个人相比在有CHB或活跃的肝肝硬化的病人更高是4.0褶层或4.9褶层(P<0.01)。在肝纸巾在在sera和CCN2mRNA表示的CCN2的层次之间有好一致性(r=0.87,P<0.01)。在sera的CCN2的层次与CLD-B在病人与组织学的纤维变性阶段的改进被增加(r=0.85,P<0.01)。浆液CCN2是为对肝纤维变性的评价的一个可靠标记,与在操作为从有F1阶段肝纤维变性的病人的分别地,区分的正常的肝控制的0.94或0.85的特征(巨鸟)曲线(AUC)或在温和、重要的纤维变性之间区别的接收装置下面的区域。结论:在有CLD-B的病人的浆液CCN2的察觉可以为对肝的纤维变性的严厉的评价有临床的意义。
简介:INTRODUCTIONInChina,liverfibrosisinmostpatientsresultedfromthevirusesofhepatitisB.Bothanti-virusandanti-fibrosisshouldbeconsideredindesigningaprogramforthetreatmentofliverfibrosis.Therefore,40casesofliverfibrosisduetohepatitisBweretreatedbyusingIFN-α1andtraditionalmedicinalpreparationsfromFebruary1994toApril1996.Goodcurativeeffectwasachieved.
简介:瞄准:为了在病人调查胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的临床的参数的流行,由长期的丙肝(CHC)或长期的肝炎B(CHB)影响了。方法:我们回顾地评估了经历了肝活体检视的852个连续病人(726CHC和126CHB)。我们记录了年龄,性别,中高音,类型2糖尿病或新陈代谢的症候群(MS),身体团索引(BMI),和明显的疾病持续时间(增加)。结果:年龄,增加,BMI,在有温和/中等的肝纤维变性的病人的MS和糖尿病的流行在CHC是显著地更高的。然而,脂肪变性的度和在肝活体检视评估的肝纤维变性没在CHC和CHB病人之间不同。在多变量分析,年龄,性别,BMI,中高音和糖尿病是为在CHC的肝纤维变性的独立风险因素,而仅仅年龄与在CHB的肝纤维变性有关。我们也评估了在重要脂肪变性之间的协会(>30%)并且年龄,性别,BMI,糖尿病,MS和肝纤维变性。糖尿病,BMI和肝纤维变性与脂肪变性>被联系30%在CHC,而仅仅年龄和BMI与在CHB的脂肪变性有关。结论:这些数据可以显示丙肝病毒感染是为胰岛素抵抗的一个风险因素。
简介:AIM:Toinvestigatetheanti-apoptoticcapabilityofthehepatitisBvirus(HBV)intheHepG2hepatomacelllineandtheunderlyingmechanisms.METHODS:CellviabilityandapoptosisweremeasuredbyMTTassayandflowcytometry,respectively.Targetedknockdownofmanganesesuperoxidedismutase(MnSOD),AMP-activatedproteinkinase(AMPK)andhepatitisBvirusXprotein(HBx)genesaswellasAMPKagonistAICARandantagonistcompoundCwereemployedtodeterminethecorrelationsofexpressionofthesegenes.RESULTS:HBVmarkedlyprotectedthehepatomacellsfromgrowthsuppressionandcelldeathintheconditionofserumdeprivation.AdecreaseofsuperoxideanionproductionaccompaniedwithanincreaseofMnSODexpressionandactivitywasfoundinHepG2.215cells.Moreover,AMPKactivationcontributedtotheup-regulationofMnSOD.HBxproteinwasidentifiedtoinducetheexpressionofAMPKandMnSOD.CONCLUSION:OurresultssuggestthatHBVsuppressesmitochondrialsuperoxidelevelandexertsanantiapoptoticeffectbyactivatingAMPK/MnSODsignalingpathway,whichmayprovideanovelpharmacologicalstrategytopreventHCC.
简介:AIM.Toinvestigatetheeffectofpyrrolidinedithiocarbamate(PDTC),anovelnuclearfactor-κB(NF-κB)inhibitor,onexpressionofmultipleinflammatorymediatorsandneutrophilicinflammationofcoldpreservedgraftsafterratlivertransplantationanditssignificance.METHODS:Orthotopiclivertransplantation(OLT)wasperformedafter24hofcoldstorageusingUniversityofWisconsinsolutionwithvariedconcentrationsofPDTC.WedeterminedthetimecourseofNF-κBactivationandexpressionofmultipleinflammatorysignals,suchastumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),cytokine-inducibleneutrophilchemoattractant(CINC),andintercellularadhesionmolecule-1(ICAM-1)byELISAmethods.Serumalanineaminotransferase(ALT),intrahepaticmyeloperoxidase(MPO)/WBC(ameasureofneutrophilaccumulation)andMac-1expression(ameasureofcirculatingneutrophilactivity)werealsoevaluated.RESULTS:PDTCdecreasedNF-κBactivationinducedbyprolongedcoldpreservationinadosedependentmanner(from20mmol/Lto60mmol/L),diminishedTNF-α,CINC,ICAM-1proteinsinthegrafts,andreducedtheexpressionfincreasesinplasmaTNF-αlevelsinducedbyprolongedoldpreservation.NeutrophilicinflammationofthegraftwassignificantlysuppressedafterpreservationwithPDTC(P<0.05).ThetotalneutrophilaccumulationinPDTC(40mmol/L)group(7.04±0.97)wasmarkedlyreducedcomparedtocontrolgroup(14.07±1.31)(P<0.05).Mac-1expressionwassignificantlyreducedinPDTC(40retool/L)group(181±11.3%)comparedwiththecontrolgroup(281±13.2%)(P<0.05)at6hafterreperfusion.Furthermore,PDTCinhibitedtheincreasedserumALTlevelsafterlivertransplantation.CONCLUSION:PDTCcaninhibitBNF-κBactivationandexpressionoftheinflammatorymediators,whichareassociatedwithimprovedgraftviabilityviainhibitingintrahepaticneutrophilicinflammation.OurstudysuggeststhatatherapeuticstrategydirectedatinhibitionofNF-κBactivationinthetransplantedlivermightbeeffectiveinreducing