简介：Livertransplantation（LT）isalife-savingtreatmentforpatientswithend-stageliverdiseaseandforpatientswithlivercellcancerrelatedtoliverdisease.Acuteandchronicliverdiseasesrelatedtohepatitisvirusesarebetweenthemainindicationsforlivertransplantation.Theriskofviralreinfectionaftertransplantationisthemainlimitingfactorintheseindications.Beforetheavailabilityofantiviralprophylaxis,hepatitisBvirus（HBV）recurrencewasuniversalinpatientswhowereHBVDNA-positivebeforetransplantation.ThenaturalhistoryofrecurrentHBVwasacceleratedbyimmunosuppression,anditprogressedrapidlytograftfailureanddeath.Introductionofpost-transplantprophylaxiswithimmunoglobulinalonefirst,andassociatedtoantiviraldrugslater,drasticallyreducedHBVrecurrence,resultinginexcellentlong-termoutcomes.Onthecontrary,recurrenceofhepatitisCisthemaincauseofgraftlossinmosttransplantprograms.Overall,patientandgraftsurvivalafterLTforhepatitisCvirus（HCV）-associatedcirrhosisisinferiorcomparedwithotherindications.However,successfulpretransplantorposttransplantantiviraltherapyhasbeenassociatedwithincreasedgraftandoverallsurvival.Untilrecently,thecombinationofpegylatedinterferonandribavirinwasthestandardofcareforthetreatmentofpatientswithchronichepatitisC.Highlyactiveantiviralcompoundshavebeendevelopedoverthepastdecade,thankstonewinvitrosystemstostudyHCVentry,replication,assembly,andrelease.

简介：随着近年来对胃术后胃瘫的逐步认识，其报道逐渐增多，现将我院10年来，胃术后发生的16例胃瘫进行分析，总结经验及教训，以引起外科医生特别是青年医生的重视。

简介：目的总结癌性上消化道梗阻镜下化疗作为晚期癌病人一种姑息性治疗方法的作用。方法回顾性分析了16例因有晚期转移而丧失手术机会或高龄、疾病等不能耐受手术或拒绝手术者。全身化疗及放疗的癌性上消化道梗阻行内镜下5一氟脲嘧啶加丝裂霉素局部化疗的资料。结果87．5％的病人梗阻症状改善，无穿孔、大出血等严重并发症。结论镜下局部化疗将化疗药直接注入肿瘤内，使病灶局部药物浓度高．作用时间长，直接杀伤肿瘤细胞，癌组织坏死脱落，有效地襞解症状，减轻痛苦，改善生存期的生活质量，延长病人生命．且方法简单，无严重并发症，值得推广。

简介：材料和方法一、标本收集我院及协作单位病理科1986年/1996年胆囊良、恶性病变手术切除标本,HE染色确诊,胆囊腺癌38例,(高分化18例,低分化8例,未分化8例,粘液腺癌4例),胆囊粘膜上皮异型增生24例(轻度8例,中度6例,重度10例),另取20例正常胆囊粘膜标本作对照.

简介：高位胆管癌也称肝门部胆管癌，占肝外胆管癌的58％～75％，近年其发病率有上升趋势。随着辅助检查手段和外科技术及观念的改进与更新肝门部胆管癌的手术切除率有很大提高。文献报告已超过60％。我院自1990-10／2001-10对16例高位胆管癌均采取肝方叶切除，充分显露肝门，使肿瘤切除率大大提高。

简介：AIM:RecombinedplasmidpETNF-P16wasconstructedtoinvestigateitsexpressionpropertiesinesophagealsquamouscarcinomacelllineEC9706inducedbyX-rayirradiationandthefeasibilityofgene-radiotherapyforesophagealcarcinoma.METHODS:RecombinedplasmidpETNF-P16wasconstructedandtransfectedintoEC9706cellswithlipofectamine.ELISA,Westernblot,andimmunocytochemistrywereperformedtodeterminetheexpressionpropertiesofpETNF-P16inEC9706aftertransfectioninducedbyX-rayirradiation.RESULTS:EukaryoticexpressionvectorpETNF-P16wassuccessfullyconstructedandtransfectedintoEC9706cells.TNFαexpressionsweresignificantlyincreasedinthetransfectedcellsafterdifferentdosesofX-rayirradiationthaninthoseafter0Gyirradiation(1192.330-2026.518pg/mL,P<0.05-0.01),andtheTNFαexpressionsandP16weresignificantlyhigher6-48hafter2GyX-rayirradiation(358.963-585.571pg/mL,P<0.05-0.001).NoP16expressionwasdetectedinnormalEC9706cells.However,therewasstrongexpressioninthetransfectedandirradiationgroups.CONCLUSION:X-rayirradiationinductioncouldsignificantlyenhanceTNFαandP16expressioninEC9706cellstransfectedwithpETNF-P16plasmid.Theseresultsmayprovideimportantexperimentaldataandtherapeuticpotentialforgene-radiotherapyofesophagealcarcinoma.