简介:左R-模M称为Eω-内射模,如果对环R中任意的ω阶Euclid理想I来说,任何R-模同态能够拓展为R-模同态。左R-模M称为Eω-投射模,若对环R中任意的ω阶Euclid理想I和任何R-模同态f∈HomR(M,R/I),存在R-模同态g∈HomR(M,R)使得f=πg,其中π是自然同态。本文证明P和Q均是Eω-投射模当且仅当PQ是Eω-投射模。进而,又证明了每一个左R-模是Eω-投射的当且仅当每一个左R-模是Eω-内射。
简介:所谓微积分的基本思想,就是人类的基本认知规律“用‘已知’解决‘未知”’在解决变量数学时的具体体现;用微积分的思想来指导微积分的教学,能使学生站在一个高的层次,高瞻远瞩的看问题,因此,学点“思想”甚至比多学点知识都更为重要,但是,要使广大教师能在教学中揭示、介绍学科的“思想”,就必须将其融入到教材之中。
简介:本文对单位圆内的代数体函数w(z)定义了Borel点和Nevanlinna点,证明了Nevanlinna点的存在性,并在w(z)的级为有穷时,亦证明了Borel点的存在性。
简介:AinteriorpointscalingprojectedreducedHessianmethodwithcombinationofnonmonotonicbacktrackingtechniqueandtrustregionstrategyfornonlinearequalityconstrainedoptimizationwithnonegativeconstraintonvariablesisproposed.Inordertodealwithlargeproblems,apairoftrustregionsubproblemsinhorizontalandverticalsubspacesisusedtoreplacethegeneralfulltrustregionsubproblem.Thehorizontaltrustregionsubprobleminthealgorithmisonlyageneraltrustregionsubproblemwhiletheverticaltrustregionsubproblemisdefinedbyaparametersizeoftheverticaldirectionsubjectonlytoanellipsoidalconstraint.Bothtrustregionstrategyandlinesearchtechniqueateachiterationswitchtoobtainingabacktrackingstepgeneratedbythetwotrustregionsubproblems.Byadoptingthel1penaltyfunctionasthemeritfunction,theglobalconvergenceandfastlocalconvergencerateoftheproposedalgorithmareestablishedundersomereasonableconditions.AnonmonotoniccriterionandthesecondordercorrectionstepareusedtoovercomeMaratoseffectandspeeduptheconvergenceprogressinsomeill-conditionedcases.
简介:基于Chen-Harker-Kanzow-Smale光滑函数,对单调非线性互补问题NCP(f)给出了一种不可行非内点连续算法,该算法在每次迭代时只需求解一个线性等式系统,执行一次线搜索;算法在NCP(f)的解处不需要严格互补的条件下,具有全局线性收敛性和局部二次收敛性.