简介:具身人工智能可以主动收集信息、调整行为来适应复杂多变的环境,并在没有人类直接干预的情况下自主地进行学习,通过"思想"与"身体"的协同,在"体验"中提升"创造"的能力.基于人工智能工具主义观,具身人工智能尽管具备了技术上的显著优势,仍然难以在著作权法律体系中获得主体资格,但如果忽视具身人工智能所引发的创作形态变革,否定其内容生成行为的创作属性,将导致著作权中创作标准的失序.对此,应当对权利主体与创造主体予以区分,以作品中心主义理论以及具身认知为正当性锚点,完善具身人工智能与人类的二元作者结构,建构委托关系下的具身人工智能开发者权利归属模式.Abstract:Embodied artificial intelligence can actively gather information and adjust behavior to adapt to complex and dynamic environments,autonomously learning without direct human intervention.Through the synergy of"mind"and"body",it enhances its creative abilities through"experience".From the perspective of AI instrumentalism,although embodied artificial intelligence has significant technical advantages,it struggles to achieve subject status within the copyright legal system.However,ignoring the transformative impact of embodied artificial intelligence on creative forms and denying the creative nature of its content generation activities will lead to the disarray of creation standards in copyright l...
简介:自白补强规则作为一种刑事诉讼的证明规则,在我国现行法律中虽有原则性的规定,但却需要在司法实践中予以深化,并应根据案件具体情况作不同处理。关于补强证据的补强范围,一般认为须对法益侵害后果等犯罪客观要件进行补强才谓充分。关于补强的程度,“专门性知识原则”及“被告人身份同一性补强”为较高的要求,不能达到时则须对自白的亲历性、自白与其他证据是否有矛盾、能否排除合理怀疑及自白的外部环境进行综合考察,进而判断自白的真伪。关于共犯口供的补强问题,在没有其他补强证据能补强犯罪客观要件的情况下,一般认为如果三名以上共犯的供述自然、真实,且在犯罪细节上能相互印证,并排除非法取证情形的,应可认定案件事实。