简介:Inordertounderstandthecharacteristicsofspatialandtemporalvariation,aswellasprovideeffectiveideasoncarbonemissionsandregulatorypolicyinYantai,thisarticleanalyzedspatialandtemporalvariationofcarbonemissionsinYantaibasedonenergyconsumptionstatisticsforavarietyofenergysortstogetherwithindustrialsectorsfrom2001to2011.Theresultswereasfollowing:Firstofall,Yantai’scarbonemissionsgrewbyanaverageof5.5%peryearduringthelast10years,andtherewasapeakof10.48millioncarbonintheyearof2011.Second,comparedwiththegrossdomesticproduct(GDP)growthrate,thefiguresforenergycarbonemissionsgrowthrateweresmaller;howevertheproblemofcarbonemissionswerestillmoreobvious.Furthermore,carbonemissionsinYantaiincreasedrapidlybefore2008;whileafter2008,itincreasedmoreslowlyandgraduallybecomestable.Third,theenergyconsumptionwasdifferentamongregionsinYantai.Forinstance,theenergyconsumptioninLongkoucitywasthelargest,whichoccupied50%ofthetotalcarbonemissionsinYantai;andtheenergyconsumptioninChangIslandwasgenerallylessthan1%oftheLongkouconsumption.Finally,therewererelativecloserelationshipsamongthespatialdifferenceofcarbonemissions,regionalresourcesendowment,economicdevelopment,industrialstructure,andenergyefficiency.
简介:为探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)及其代谢产物邻苯二甲酸单-2-乙基己酯(mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,MEHP)对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成关键基因表达的影响,本实验将H295R细胞分别暴露于DEHP(0、1、10、100、1000μmol·L^-1)和MEHP(0、1、10、100、1000μmol·L^-1)24h,用MTT法检测细胞活性,并应用荧光定量PCR法分析细胞类固醇激素合成过程中关键酶的基因表达水平。结果显示,1000μmol·L^-1DEHP和MEHP对H295R细胞染毒24h显著降低H295R细胞活力,所以本研究采用了较低的染毒浓度(0、1、10和100μmol·L^-1)对H295R细胞染毒24h来评估DEHP和MEHP对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成通路的影响。1、10和100μmol·L^-1DEHP显著增加醛固酮合成酶CYP11B2的基因表达水平。10μmol·L^-1DEHP显著上调了3-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD2)的基因表达水平。1、10和100μmol·L^-1MEHP显著下调了3-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD1和3β-HSD2)、17β羟基类固醇脱氢酶17β-HSD4、17α羟化酶/17,20裂解酶CYP17和芳香酶CYP19a的基因表达水平。10和100μmol·L-1MEHP染毒H295R24h显著下调了CYP21和STAR的基因表达水平,然而,10和100μmol·L^-1MEHP显著上调了CYP11B2的基因表达水平。100μmol·L^-1MEHP显著下调了17β-HSD1的基因表达水平。上述研究结果表明,DEHP、MEHP都可不同程度影响H295R细胞类固醇激素合成过程中关键基因的表达。MEHP可以通过抑制STAR基因的表达,从而将影响胆固醇在细胞内的转运;并能显著性抑制类固醇激素合成过程中CYP17、CYP19a、3β-HSD1、3β-HSD2、17β-HSD1、17β-HSD4、CYP21基因的表达,最终将抑制H295R细胞中类固醇激素的合成。与DEHP相比,MEHP对H295R细胞类固醇激素合成关键基因表达的影响较明显。
简介:Researchingthedynamicdistributioncharacteristicsandtrendevolutionofagriculturalcarbonemissionsisofconsiderablesignificanceinformulatinganeffectiveagriculturalcarbonreductionpolicy.Basedonmeasurementofagriculturalcarbonemissionsof31provincesovertheperiod2002-2011,thestudyobservedregionaldifferencesandthedynamicevolutionofdistributionofagriculturalcarbonemissionsusingagriculturalcarbonintensityastheindicator,accompaniedbyGinicoefficientsandthekerneldensityestimationmethod.TheresultsdemonstratefirstthatagriculturalcarbonemissionsforChinashowanobviousnonequilibriumnatureinregardtospatialdistribution.Accordingtothedifferencesinagriculturalcarbonemissionsdynamictrends,wedividedthe31regionsintofourtypes-continuousdecline,fluctuatingdecline,continuousincrease,andfluctuatingincrease.Further,agriculturalcarbonemissionsintensityshowedadownwardtrendwithsignificantdifferencesintheresearchareas.Second,thegapinspatialdistributionofnationalagriculturalcarbonemissionsisgraduallyexpandingbasedontheresultscalculatedbyGinicoefficient.Fromtheperceptionofregionaldifferencesinagriculturalcarbonemissions,theeasternregionshowedanaveragelevel,thegapwasmoreobviousinthecentralregion,whilewesternregionshowedatrendoffluctuatingdownward.Third,accordingtoestimationbykerneldensity,theregionaldisparityinagriculturalcarbonemissionshadadownward,butlimited,trend.Inregardtoagriculturalcarbonemissionsoverthethreeareas,theregionalgapnotonlytendedtodecreasebutalsoshoweda"fourway"differentiationphenomenonintheeasternregion.Thedifferenceinthecentralregiondifferencewasnarrower.Onthewhole,thegapforthewesternregionreducedsteadilyoverasmallrange.