简介：Thehydrauliccharacteristicsattheconfluencereachofriverandlakeareinfluencedbymultiplefactorssuchasinflow,topographyandvegetationresistance,andareverycomplicated.Inthisarticle,theconfluencereachofYangtzeRiverandDong-tingLakeisselectedasaspecialexampleandahybridmodelisbuilttostudytheflowatthisconfluence,withtheconsiderationoftheinteractionsbetweenaquaticvegetationandflow.Validationtestsandcalculationsshowthatthemodeliseffectiveandhighlyaccurate.Thesimulationsshowthattheseparationleveeattheconfluencereachmaychangethedischargecapacityinthefloodplain,whichwouldbeenhancedintheupperreachofthelevee,hardlychangedinthemiddlereachandreducedatthelowerplace.Moreover,theseparationleveealsolimitsthewaterexchangebetweentheYangtzeRiverandDong-tingLake.

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简介：Makingfulluseoffunctionalvariationswithvariabledomainforhandlingboththefreesurfaceandunknownpartofthedamwall,afamilyofvariationalprinciples(VPs)forthehybrid(direct-inverse)problemoffreesurfacespillwayflowundergravityisformulatedintermsofthepotentialfunctionΦ.Thistheoryoffersnewrationalandversatilewaysfordamde-signandasoundtheoreticalbasisfornumericalsolution,e.g.bythefiniteelementmethod(FEM).