简介：Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.

简介：［1］AnZS,WeiLY,LuYC,1985,ApreliminarystudyofsoilstratigraphyinLuochuanloessprofile.QuaternarySciences,6(1):166-173.(inChinese)［2］AnZS,KutzbacchJE,PrellWLetal.,2001.EvolutionofAsianmonsoonsandphasedupliftoftheHimalaya-TibetanplateausinceLateMiocenetimes.Nature,411:62-66.［3］BarbaraAM,1995.PalaeorainfallreconstructionsfrompedogenicmagneticsusceptibilityvariationintheChineseloessandpalaeosol.QuaternaryResearch,44(3):383-391.［4］DerbyshireE,MengXM,KempRA,1998.Provenance,transportandcharacteristicsofmodemaeoliandustinwesternGansuProvince,China,andinterpretationoftheQuaternaryloessrecord.JournalofAridEnvironments,39:497-516.［5］DingZL,LiuDS,LiuXMetal.,1989.37cyclessince2.5Ma.ChineseScienceBulletin,34(19):1494-1496.［6］DingZL,RutterNW,SunJMetal.,2000.Re-arrangementofatmosphericcirculationatabout2.6MaovernorthernChina:evidencefromgrainsizerecordsofloess-palaeosolandredclaysequences.QuaternaryScienceReviews,19:547-558.［7］DuJ,ZhaoJB,2004.SoilerosionregularitysinceHoloceneinShaolingtablelandofChang′an.JournalofDesertResearch,24(1):63-67.(inChinese)［8］FengZD,WangHB,OlsonCetal.,2004.Chronolgicaldiscordbetweenthelastinterglacialpaleosol(S1)anditsparentmaterialintheChineseLoessPlateau.QuaternaryInternational,117:17-26.［9］GuoZT,LiuDS,FedoroffNetal.,1998.ClimateextremesinloessofChinacoupledwiththestrengthofdeep-waterformationintheNorthAtlantic.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,18:113-128.［10］GuoZT,WillamFRuddiman,HaoQZetal.,2002.OnsetofAsiandesertificationby22MyragoinferredfromloessdepositsinChina.Nature,416:159-163.［11］HeinrichH,1988.OriginandconsequenceofcycliciceraftinginthenortheastAtlanticOceanduringpast130000years.QuaternaryResearch,29:142-152.［12］KempRA,DerbyshireE,

简介：Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.

简介：PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.

简介：本文阐述了中国亚热带的6个基本特点，亚热带北界和南界的划分问题，生态过渡带和亚热带划分的方法论，综合区划研究的必要性与重要性，以及尚需深入研究的若干重要自然地理界线问题．认为中国的亚热带从广义上说也是一个生态过渡带．深入研究中国亚热带形成的机制及其成因和演变趋势，将有利于整个亚热带的区域可持续发展．目前亚热带划分所用的指标比较初始、简略，亚热带的东部与西部所采用的指标也不完全一致，还需要经过艰苦的探索，提出一个既能反映客观实际，又能与国际研究接轨的较好方案．在亚热带的划分中需要加强新技术和新方法的应用．

简介：据首次全国湿地资源调查统计,我国湿地资源十分丰富,总面积为3848.55×104hm2,湿地陆生野生动物共25目、75科、724种,野生高等植物有225科815属2276种,划分为7个植被型组,16个植被型,180个群系.我国湿地正面临着来自人类的巨大威胁,如人类对湿地的盲目围垦和改造、湿地环境污染、生物资源的过度利用等,导致自然湿地数量持续减少、湿地生态功能退化乃至丧失,已难以保证所在地域生态平衡的需求.根据我国湿地面临的威胁和问题,近期应加强湿地保护立法和管理机构建设,并尽快实施.

简介：［1］BrownL,1995.WhoWillFeedChina:Wake-upCallforaSmallPlanet.TheWorldWatchEnvironmentalAlertSeries.NortonandCo.,NewYork,USA.［2］CaiYunlong,1990.Land.In:ZuoDakang(eds.),ADictionaryofModernGeography.Beijing:TheCommercialPress,ppl11.(inChinese)［3］CaoM,MaS,HanC,1995.Potentialproductivityandhumancarryingcapacityofanagro-ecosystem:ananalysisoffoodproductionpotentialofChina.AgriculturalSystems,47:387-414.［4］ChenLiding,WangJun,FuBojieetal.,2001.Land-usechangeinasmallcatchmentofnorthernLoessPlateau,China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,86(2):163-172.［5］DaiFC,LeeCF,ZhangXH,2003.GIS-basedgeo-environmentalevaluationforurbanland-useplanning:acasestudy.EngineeringGeology,61(4):257-271.［6］DingChengri,2003.LandpolicyreforminChina:assessmentandprospects.LandUsePolicy,20:109-120.［7］FuBojie,WangJun,ChenLidingetal.,2003a.TheeffectsoflanduseonsoilmoisturevariationintheDanangoucatchmentoftheLoessPlateau,China.Catena,54:197-213.［8］FuCongbin,2003b.Potentialimpactsofhuman-inducedlandcoverchangeonEastAsiamonsoon.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,37(3-4):219-229.［9］FischerG,SunLaixiang,2001.Modelbasedanalysisoffutureland-usedevelopmentinChina.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,85(1-3):163-176.［10］GuoXiaomin,NiuDekuietal.,2000.TheexplorationofdevelopingfruitindustrymodewithsoilandwaterconservationinsouthJiangxiarea.ResearchofSoilandWaterConservation,7(3):187-218.(inChinese)［11］HeXiubin,LiZhanbin,HaoMingdeetal.,2003.Down-scaleanalysisforwaterscarcityinresponsetosoil-waterconservationonLoessPlateauofChina.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,94:355-361.［12］HeiligGK,1999.CanChinafeeditself?Asystemforevaluationofpolicyoptions.ScienceforGlobalInsight,IIASA,Laxenburg(CD-ROMVers.1.1).［13］HuWei,1997.HouseholdlandtenurereforminChina:itsim

简介：城市湿地公园是生态型城市建设中城市绿地系统和城市水系统的重要组成部分,已引起全社会的普遍重视,并获得广泛发展,尤其在华东地区发展势头较快,但是,指导中国城市湿地公园建设与保护的基础理论研究还比较缺乏。因此,通过统计分析中国城市湿地公园的地理布局特征、发展现状,综合分析了近年来对城市湿地公园的研究视角与最新进展。针对城市湿地公园发展中存在的问题,指出城市湿地公园未来主要的研究方向和内容。

简介：人类对自然界的认识过程总是由浅入深循序渐进的。回顾过去，中国黄土成因经历了从“水成”到“风成”这样一个曲折的认识过程。通过分析黄土成因争论的历程，得到如下启示：1）过去的黄土成因争论源于人们不认识黄土层中的古土壤，因此识别地层中古土壤对重建古地理环境具有重大意义。2）水平层状地层并非都是水平沉积层理，也有可能是古土壤发生层次，具有水平层理的沉积地层则可能意味着在水中沉积形成，而古土壤层则是在地表环境形成。3）古土壤层的特点是古土壤层具有土壤发生层次，因此各层次之间一般呈现为渐变特征。而沉积地层通常具有明显的顶部和底部，显示着截然变化。4）在总结新生代古土壤特点的基础上，重新认识更老地层的古地理环境，发挥古土壤在研究地层成因、重建古气候等方面的作用。

简介：AstochasticmodelfordailyprecipitationsimulationinChinawasdevelopedbasedontheframeworkofa′Richardson-type′weathergeneratorthatisanimportanttoolinstudyingimpactsofweather/climateonavarietyofsystemsincludingecosystemandriskassessment.ThepurposeofthisworkistodevelopaweathergeneratorforapplicationsinChina.Thefocusisonprecipitationsimulationsincedeterminationofotherweathervariablessuchastemperatureisdependentonprecipitationsimulation.AframeworkoffirstorderMarkovChainwithGammaDistributionfordailyprecipitationisadoptedinthiswork.Basedonthisframework,fourparametersofprecipitationsimulationforeachmonthat672stationsalloverChinaweredeterminedusingdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961to2000.Comparedwithpreviousworks,ourestimationfortheparameterswasmadeformorestationsandlongerobservations,whichmakestheweathergeneratormoreapplicableandreliable.Spatialdistributionsofthefourparametersareanalyzedinaregionalclimatecontext.Theseasonalvariationsoftheseparametersatfivestationsrepresentingregionaldifferencesarediscussed.Basedontheestimatedmonthlyparametersat672stations,dailyprecipitationsforanyperiodcanbesimulated.A30-yearsimulationwasmadeandcomparedwithobservationsduring1971-2000intermsofannualandmonthlystatistics.Theresultsaresatisfactory,whichdemonstratestheusefulnessoftheweathergenerator.

简介：9月26日，中国第9次北极科学考察队圆满完成历时69天的考察，乘坐“雪龙”号科考船顺利返回上海。这是自然资源部成立后组织实施的首次极地考察，也是完善北极观测网、开展北极业务化观测与监测的重要航次。

简介：本研究通过收集国内已发表的文献中具有凋落物分解常数的数据，采用SPSS13．0软件综合分析中国森林凋落物分解速率的影响因素．结果发现：凋落物类型对凋落物分解速率有显著影响（P〈0．05），凋落叶氮含量与分解速率呈极显著正相关（P〈0．01）．在同一样地的研究中，混合分解的凋落叶分解常数极显著高于单独分解的（P〈0．01）．叶习性对凋落叶分解速率没有显著影响（P〉0．05），但在中国的温带地区则有显著影响（P〈0．05）．在全国尺度上树种组成对凋落物分解速率没有显著影响（P〉0．05）．凋落叶分解速率与经度、年均温和降水量成极显著正相关（P〈0．01），与纬度和海拔成极显著负相关（P〈0．01）．凋落叶分解速率的Q10值为1．768．网袋孔径与土壤类型对凋落叶分解速率亦均有极显著影响（P〈0．01）．

简介：湿地退化、恢复和重建是当前湿地科学领域的研究热点，也是中国湿地研究中的核心问题。作为一种典型的海岸湿地，河口湿地在围垦、水利工程建设和环境污染等多重因素的干扰下，面临着自然来水减少、水盐失衡、植被退化、生境质量下降等多种威胁。介绍了当前中国河口湿地的分布情况以及四大主要河口湿地的退化现状，针对已经开展的河口退化湿地恢复的现状，总结了目前中国河口退化湿地恢复所面临的问题，并展望了今后河口退化湿地恢复研究的趋势：开展河口湿地生态系统演替与退化机制研究；发展河口湿地生态恢复技术；加强河口湿地生态恢复示范研究以及建立动态监测和管理系统。

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简介：中国地理学的发展经历了漫长而辉煌的古代、短暂而平淡的近代和复兴昌盛的现代3个阶段。为了迎接中国地理学进入21世纪发展的新阶段，作者认为必须强调做好以下几个方面的工作：(1)改革地理教育；(2)提高资源与环境的研究水平；(3)认真为农业服务；(4)重视区域研究；(5)加强理论研究。

简介：湿地被称为"地球之肾",具有独特的生态结构与功能.中国湿地面积约占全球湿地面积的10%,但近年来湿地面积逐渐萎缩,已造成了极为严重的生态恶果.因此总结以往湿地研究成果,确立包括遥感在内的各种湿地信息提取方法,形成包含各种湿地信息的湿地数据子库和管理操作这些数据的湿地信息系统,并确立湿地信息的共享与发布机制,从而加快湿地科研步伐,成为湿地与遥感科技工作者共同关注的问题.WebGIS技术是GIS融合Internet技术发展起来的新技术,具有对大批量数据进行有效的分析管理和快速的查询检索功能.基于WebGIS技术的中国沼泽信息系统的建立有效地满足了湿地科研和开发保护的需要.

简介：麻沙、书坊─—中国古代刻书中心郑衡泌（福建师范大学历史系）福建建阳县有麻沙、书坊，是我国宋、元、明时期著名的刻书中心地之一。麻沙和书坊两地相距仅十千米，所刻书籍具有几乎完全相同的特征，因而人们常将这两地所刻书籍统称为“麻沙本”又称为“建本”。其刻书兴...

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简介：近年来,在中国滨海地区,大规模围填海活动导致滨海湿地持续减损,湿地生物栖息地的丧失和滨海湿地生态系统功能的退化,严重削弱了滨海地区可持续发展的资源基础。为了定量分析围填海活动对中国滨海湿地的影响,以辽河三角洲、黄河三角洲、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲滨海湿地为例,利用湿地遥感分类数据,通过建立滨海湿地生态地理单元,比较了1990年和2008年两个时期四大三角洲滨海湿地的状况,定量评估了围填海活动对中国滨海湿地影响的区域和类型差异。研究结果表明,与1990年时相比,至2008年,无论是中国滨海湿地整体还是四大三角洲局域尺度,围填海活动都是滨海湿地减损的重要驱动力,尤其体现在对北方滨海潮间滩涂和南方红树林等类型滨海湿地的大面积侵占,威胁到滨海湿地生物多样性最关键的生境类型和关键生态系统服务区域。在四大三角洲,围填海区域的主要土地利用类型在空间分布上存在一致性和差异性,表现在4种主要土地利用类型所占面积比例排序具有一致性,即水产养殖用地面积所占比例最大,农田次之,其后是工业建筑、港口建筑;以及在四大三角洲中4种主要土地利用类型所占面积比例的差异性,即黄河三角洲的水产养殖用地面积相对最大,长江三角洲的其他3种土地利用类型所占面积相对最大。为了避免围填海活动对滨海湿地的进一步破坏,在确定保护和修复优先区域的基础上,应该着手强化滨海潮间滩涂和盐沼等关键生境类型的保护、修复和生态补偿模式的相关研究和实践工作。

简介：在8月25日召开的2018年能源大转型高层论坛上，自然资源部中国地质调查局联手国家能源局新能源和可再生能源司、中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院、国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所，首次公开发布由4个单位联合编写的《中国地热能发展报告（2018）》白皮书。白皮书指出，中国地热能资源丰富，但资源探明率和利用程度较低，开发利用潜力很大。