简介：Thispaperrevealsthatthelong-periodstatisticdistributionofthecharacteristicheightsofdeep-waterwavesassumesthelognormaldistribution.Thereafter,thelargestwave-heightwhichmayoccurintheservicelifeofcoastalstructuresisderivedinthispaper.

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简介：ExperimentswereconductedtoexaminetheeffectsofsalinityfluctuationontheintermoltperiodandgrowthofFenneropenaeuschinensiswithaninitialbodyweightof(0.5532±0.0001)g(meanplusorminusSE).Thesalinity(S0)ofthecontroltreatmentis30throughouttheexperiment,whilethetreatmentsS2,S4,S7andS10aresubjectedtodifferentsalinityfluctuations,andtherangesare2,4,7and10,respectively.Aftera30-dayfeedingtrial,thelongestandtheshortestintermoltperiodsoftheshrimpoccurunderTreatmentsS10andS2,respectively(difference37.14%).Thespecialgrowthrates(SGR)oftheshrimpunderthefivetreatmentsarerankedasS7＞S4＞S2＞S10＞S0,andtheSGRoftheshrimpunderTreatmentS0islowerthanthatunderTreatmentsS4andS7by22.36%and28.11%,respectively(P＜0.05).Theminimalfeedintake(FI)oftheexperimentalanimalsoccursinTreatmentS0(84.04%and88.54%ofthatunderTreatmentsS4andS7,respectively)(P＜0.05).Therearenosignificantdifferencesinthefoodconversionefficiency(FCE)oftheshrimpunderthefivetreatments(P＞0.05).

简介：Basedonourpreviouswork,thewinterseasurfacetemperature(SST)intheKuroshioExtension(KE)regionshowedsignificantvariabilityoverthepastcenturywithperiodsof~6abetween1930and1950and~10abetween1980and2009.HowtheactivityoftheAleutianLow(AL)inducesthisdual-periodvariabilityoverthetwodifferenttimespansisfurtherinvestigatedhere.Forthe~6aperiodicityduring1930–1950,negativewindstresscurl(WSC)anomaliesinthecentralsubtropicalPacificassociatedwithanintensifiedALgeneratepositiveseasurfaceheight(SSH)anomalies.Whenthesewind-inducedSSHanomaliespropagatewestwardstotheeastofTaiwan,Chinatwoyearslater,positivevelocityanomaliesappeararoundtheKuroshiototheeastofTaiwanandthenthemeanadvectionviathiscurrentofvelocityanomaliesleadstoastrengthenedKEjetandthusanincreaseintheKESSToneyearlater.Forthe~10aperiodicityduring1980–2009,anegativeNorthPacificOscillation-likedipoletakes2–3atodevelopintoasignificantpositiveNorthPacificOscillation-likedipole,andthisprocesscorrespondstothenorthwardshiftoftheAL.NegativeWSCanomaliesassociatedwiththisALactivityinthecentralNorthPacificareabletoinducethepositiveSSHanomalies.TheseoceanicsignalsthenpropagatewestwardintotheKEregionafter2–3a,favoringanorthwardshiftoftheKEjet,thusleadingtothewarmingoftheKESST.ThefeedbacksoftheKESSTanomalyontheALforcingarebothnegativeforthesetwoperiodicities.Theseresultssuggestthatthedual-periodKESSTvariabilitycanbegeneratedbythetwo-wayKE-SST-ALcoupling.

简介：OwingtotheBenjamin-Feirinstability,theStokeswavetrainexperiencesamodulation-demodulationprocess,andpresentsarecurrencecharacteristics.StiassnieandShemerresearchedtheunstableevolutionprocessandprovidedatheoreticalformulationfortherecurrenceperiodin1985onthebasisofthenonlinearcubicSchrdingerequation(NLS).However,NLShaslimitationsonthenarrowbandandtheweaknonlinearity.Therecurrenceperiodisre-investigatedinthispaperbyusingahighlyefficientHighOrderSpectral(HOS)method,whichcanbeappliedforthedirectphaseresolvedsimulationofthenonlinearwavetrainevolution.ItisfoundthattheStiassnieandShemer’sformulashouldbemodifiedinthecaseswithmostunstableinitialconditions,whichisimportantforsuchtopicsasthegenerationmechanismsoffreakwaves.AnewrecurrenceperiodformulaispresentedandsomenewevolutioncharacteristicsoftheStokeswavetrainarealsodiscussedindetails.