简介：The3-Dspiralstructureresultingfromthebalancebetweenthepressuregradientforce,Coriolisforce,andviscousforceisacommonatmosphericmotionpattern.Ifthenonlinearadvectivetermsareconsidered,thistypicalpatterncanbebifurcated.Itisshownthatthesurfacelowpressurewithconvergentcyclonicvorticityandsurfacehighpressurewithdivergentanticyclonicvorticityareallstableundercertainconditions.Theanomalousstructurewithconvergentanticyclonicvorticityisalwaysunstable.Buttheanomalousweakhighpressurestructurewithconvergentcyclonicvorticitycanexist,andthisdenotesthecyclone'sdyingout.

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简介：在关于闪电放电的物理过程和在在中国的最后十年的雷雨的电的结构的研究的进步被考察了。由使用开发theself的闪电与时间的高度和空间分辨率检测并且定位技术，在在中国的一些代表性的区域的闪电放电的特征和参数被获得了。在闪电活动的观察在2002-2005在Qinghai西藏的高原第一次被进行，并且雷雨的特殊特征和在高原的闪电活动被揭示。在可见的光的乐队的闪电系列被记录，并且光谱线与原子结构的现代理论的介绍详细被识别。这些技术在上人工地，高度触发了闪电，在严厉电磁的环境下面的相关大小好发展。ofbi方向性的领导人繁殖在触发的闪电放电期间借助于光学和甚高频放射被观察的证据。一些闪电保护设备用触发技术的人工的闪电被测试了。另外，在闪电活动和天气和气候之间的关联preliminarily被学习。

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简介：2004台风Aere的降水的结构的特征从测量国家航空学空间管理(NASA)的使命(TRMM)的热带降雨用高分辨率的数据被分析。台风的特征在它的发展的不同阶段变化，这被发现。分析降水分发的不对称的引起，从环境预言(NCEP)分析的国家中心的数据被用来计算水蒸汽流动向量的垂直积分。因为这个过程，结果显示出那，与成双台风的循环的唯一的现象一起，在东方台风的北方面的空气电流和它的南部的方面的西南的空气水流在搬运水起一个联合作用蒸汽。而且，它的运输效果在开发的不同阶段极大地变化，显示出为这台风进程的水来源的怪癖。由重降水和水蒸汽流动的一个最大值的区域描绘区域的台风传送对流的分布，以及在台风的发展的不同阶段的强壮的上升运动区域不同。水蒸汽流动和垂直运动的不一致的分发引起台风降水的不均匀的分发。

简介：TheanalysisoftheSPECTRUM(SpecialExperimentConcerningTyphoonRecurvatureandUnusualMovement)dataindicatesthatthestructureofrecurvingtargettyphoons9015(Abe),9019(Flo)and9020(Gene)atdifferentstagesofmovingprocessesshoweddifferentmotionfeatures.Ondifferenttimescales,temporalvariationsoftyphoonstructureandmotionspeeddisplayeddifferentfeatures.

简介：Inthiswork,theresultsofacoupledexperimentandanuncoupledexperimentconductedinoneofourformerworksareusedtoanalyzetheimpactofair-seainteractionsonthestructureoftyphoons.Resultsrevealthattyphoon-inducedSSTdecreasestoreducethelatentheatfluxestransportingfromtheoceantotheatmosphereandcausethefluxofsensibleheattotransferdownwardfromtheatmospheretotheocean.SuchSSTreductionalsohasremarkableimpactsonthetyphoonstructurebymakingthetyphoonmoreaxisymmetric,especiallyinthemiddleandhighlevels.Thisstudyalsoanalyzesthebasiccharacteristicsofsymmetrictyphoonstructure.

简介：在空气描述mesoscale旋涡的不安方程的稳定的分析答案被获得。由分析3D风领域，在为不稳定的层化的物理空间的3D螺线结构被发现。在象压力和涡度地的3D分发那样的许多方面，mesoscale螺线旋涡很类似于典型地真实的气旋。关键词螺线tructure-气旋-动态系统为教育部的博士车站在非线性的科学和资金上由州的关键研究工程支持了的3D，中国。

简介：用NCEP/NCAR分析，冬台风的结构把Nanmadol称为落在台湾2004年12月4日上那在这份报纸被检验了，Nanmadol在结构和时间进化看起来类似到夏天台风，这被发现；它的中央部分温暖、潮湿，并且当在上面的对流层有分叉时，集中在更低的对流层被观察。冬和夏日台风之间的差别被发现。在在上面的对流层的更低的对流层和气旋的骚乱的西南溪流流动比在夏日台风在Nanmadol似乎显著地更弱。文件结束分析为在台风循环的时间的变化的大约90%全部的变化能被EOF1和EOF2的二个领先的文件结束模式解释的Nanmadol表演的海水平压力(SLP)表现了。当EOF2在影响Nanmadol的动人的方向的环境SLP分布显示出变化时，EOF1显示出Nanmadol的结构和紧张变化。

简介：AnumericalsimulationofatorrentialraineventoccurringintheJiang-HuaiValleyofChinafrom22-24June1999isperformedandanalyzedbyusingthePSU/NCARMM5mesoscalenon-hydrostaticmodel.Thehigh-resolutionmodeloutputdataareutilizedtodiagnosethedoublefrontstructure,andthedistributionsofpotentialtemperature,equivalentpotentialtemperature,andspecifichumidityinthevicinityoftheMeiyuFrontSystem(MYFS)intheJiang-HuaiValley.TheresultsshowthatboththepotentialtemperaturegradientandthespecifichumiditygradienthaveimportantimpactsonthetwostrongequivalentpotentialtemperaturegradientzonesassociatedwiththedoublefrontstructureoftheMYFS,butthelatter(moisturegradient)ismoreimportant.Inaddition,thetendencyequationofspecifichumiditygradientistheoreticallyderived.Itshowsthatvariationsofthespecifichumiditygradientarerelatedtotheadvection,convergence/divergence,horizontalandverticalvorticities(secondarycirculation)effectsandthegradientofwatervaporsource/sink.Asanexample,thebudgetofthemeridionalcomponentofthetendencyequationisselectedanddiagnosedbyusingtheabovemodelsimulationdataofthetorrentialrainevent.Itisshownthatthevariationofthespecifichumiditygradientaveragedthroughoutthesimulationismainlycontrolledbytheconvergence/divergenceeffect,thesecondarycirculationeffectassociatedwiththehorizontalvorticities,andthewatervaporsource/sinkeffect.Sincethewatervaporsource/sinkisoftenformedfromthephasechangeprocessesofwatervaporintheairandthusdirectlyassociatedwithcloudandprecipitationmicrophysicsprocesses,thevariationofthespecifichumiditygradientiscloselyrelatedwithcloudandprecipitationmicrophysicsandthedistribution,developmentandevolutionofcloudandrainfallsystems.ThedoublefrontstructureoftheMYFSprovidesanadvantageousenvironmentalconditionforthedevelopmentandmovementofthemesoscaletorrentialrain

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简介：Thispaperpresentsastudyonpotentialinstabilityandspiralstructureofunstablerainclusters.First,wedevelopalinearizednon-axisymmetricalmathematicmodelforrainclustersincircularcylindricalcoordinatesandacquireitsanalyticsolution.Second,wediscussthepotentialinstabilityofnon-axisymmetricalrainclusters.Finally,weconcludethatspiralstructurescanexistinrainclusters.Ouranalysisindicatesthatpotentialinstabilityoccurswhenhumidstratificationcoefficientislessthanzero.Unstablegrowthrateincreaseswiththeincreaseoftheabsolutevalueforhumidstratificationcoefficient.Thesimplertheverticalstructureofperturbation,thethickertheinversionlayer;additionally,thesmallertheradiusoftherainclusters,thelargertheunstablegrowthrate.Simulationresultsagreewellwiththosefromobservationandforecast.Thespiralstructuresimulatedbyourmodelissimilartoaradarecho,suggestingthatrainclusterswithspiralstructurescanoccurintheatmosphere.Inaddition,theyaregenerallyclosetothemodelsolutioninthiswork.

简介：Aheavyrainfallassociatedwiththedeepeningofamonsoondepressionhappenedinthesummerof2005.Thisprocesswasfirstdiagnosticallyanalyzedandthe3Dstructureofthemonsoondepressionwasdiscussed,thenthisstructurewascomparedwiththoseofthemonsoondepressioninSouthAsiaandthelowvortexintheMeiyufront.TheresultsshowedthattheheavyrainfalldirectlyresultedfromamonsoondepressioninSouthChina,andthelarge-scaleenvironmentprovidedafavorablebackgroundforthedeepeningofthemonsoondepression.The3Dstructureofthemonsoondepressionwasasfollows.Inthehorizontaldirection,thereexistedaconvectivecloudbandtothesouthofthemonsoondepression,whichlayinaconvectivelyinstablearea,witharelativelystrongascendingmotioninthemidandlowlevelsofthetroposphere,andtheascendingmotionmatchedwellwithamoisttongue,aconvergencearea,andabandofpositivevorticityinthemidandlowlevelsofthetroposphere.Intheverticaldirection,thedepressionhadanobviouslycycloniccirculationinthemidandlowlevelsofthetroposphere,butnocirculationfromabove300hPa.Themonsoondepressioncorrespondedtoconvergenceandpositivevorticityinthelowlevels,buttodivergenceandnegativevorticityintheupperlevels.Theupwarddraftofthedepressioncouldreachtheupperlevelsofthetroposphereinthewestofthedepression,whilethedescendingmotionlayintheeast.Therewasalow-leveljettothesouthofthedepression,whiletheupper-leveljetwasnotobvious.Thedepressionwasverticallywarmintheupperlevelsandcoldinthelowlevels,andtheaxisofthedepressiontiltedsoutheastwardwithheight,whosecharacteristicsweredifferentnotonlyfromthemonsoondepressioninSouthAsiabutalsofromthelowvortexintheMeiyufront.

简介：Theeffectoflocalbasicflowstructurepattern(BFSP)onablockinghighformationisinvestigatedwithintheframeworkofforceddissipationKDVdynamics.Thezonalandmeridionalpositionsofthehigh’scenterexcitedbyaheatsourcedependontheBFSPselected.

简介：在最低一半的可变厚度--模型水平(LML)经常在大气的模型被使用计算象潜伏、理智的表面那样的诊断的地加热的表面流动。模仿的热带气旋(TC)上的LML的效果进化在使用theWeather研究并且预报的这研究(WRF)被调查模型。当LML被放在12m下面时，结果在TC进化上表明了LML的著名影响。TC增强率与一降低LML日益增多地减少了，但是它的最终的紧张变化是相对小的。最大的10-m风显示出不同行为到最小的海水平压力和平均azimuthally的正切的风，并且因此，风压力关系被改变LML因此改变。TC发行量是更多与更高的LML联合收缩了。表面潜伏的热流动被提高LML极大地提高，在LML的风速度在那里起了一个主导的作用。处于在LML的风速度的变化他们的侧面差别，而且他们被带从的不同高度依赖于不仅。由于提高的表面热流动，更多的强烈的潜伏的热版本发生在eyewall，它增加了暴风雨增强。更高的LML趋于生产更大的暴风雨，因此，表面磨擦被增强它接着和加热的增加的diabatic导致了更强壮的边界层流入。

简介：TyphoonKROSAin2007issimulatedusingGRAPES,amesoscalenumericalmodel,inwhichatwo-parametermixed-phasemicrophysicsschemeisimplanted.Aseriesofnumericalexperimentsaredesignedtotestthesensitivityoflandfallingtyphoonstructureandprecipitationtovaryingcloudmicrophysicsandlatentheatrelease.Itisfoundthattyphoontrackissensitivetodifferentmicrophysicalprocessesandlatentheatrelease.Thecloudstructuresofsimulatedcyclonescanbequitedifferentwiththatofvaryingmicrophysicalprocesses.Graupelparticlesplayanimportantroleintheformationoflocalheavyrainfallandthemaintenanceofspiralrainbands.Analysisrevealsthatthefeedbackoflatentheattodynamicfieldscansignificantlychangethecontentanddistributionofcloudhydrometeors,thushavinganimpactonsurfaceprecipitation.

简介：BasedondataofradiationfogeventsinXuanen,Hubeiprovince,2010,thispaperanalyzesthemicrophysicalprocessandevolutioncharacteristicsofradiationfogswithcomplicatedsubstrateintheupperandmiddlereachesoftheYangtzeRiver,andcomparesthemwithfindingsinotherareas.Resultsareasfollows:radiationfoginXuanenisevidentlyweakerindropletnumberconcentrationandliquidwatercontentthanlandfogsinotherareas.Itsliquidwatercontentfluctuatesobviously,0.01g/m3withvisibilityof1,000meters,whichisquitedifferentfromthatinurbanareas,butsimilartotheNanlingMountains.Bi-modaldropletdistributionislikelytooccurinXuanenmountainradiationfog(MRF)events.StatisticalanalysisshowsthattheobserveddropletsizedistributioncanbepiecewisedescribedwellbytheGammadistribution.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetweenliquidwatercontent,fogdropletconcentrationandmeanradius,especiallyinthedevelopmentanddissipationstage.CondensationgrowthanddropletevaporationaremajorprocessesofXuanenMRF.Thedissipationtimecoincidedwiththetimewhenthegrasstemperaturereachedthepeakvalue,whichindicatedthatdewevaporationisakeyroleinmaintainingXuanenMRF.Intheearlystageofdensefog'sgrowth,dropletswithdiameterofover20micrometerscanbeobservedwithvisibilityof800-1,000m,whichmightbecausedbythetransportationoflowclouddropletstoearth'ssurfacebyturbulence.Bigdropletsintheinitialstagecorrespondtohigherwatercontent,leadingtothehigherobservedvalueofwatercontentofXuanenMRF.

简介：Basedonthetropicalcyclone（TC）asymmetricdisturbanceasthesuperpositionofthesymmetricenvironmentalcirculation,theanalyticalsolutionoftravellingwaveisgivenbyusingthebarotropicalnondivergentmodelwithdiabaticheatingforcingandnon-frictioninaplanepolarcoordinate.Then,theTCradialinhomogeneousstructureisanalyzedonradial/tangentialvelocityandgeopotentialheight.ItisfoundthatthedifferentkindsofstructuresareinfluencedbytheCoriolisparameter（f）,TCintensity（Ω）,disturbancecircularfrequency（ω）,andTCangularwavenumber（m）.And,thediabaticheating（Q1）hassignificantimpactsontheradial/tangentialvelocitydistributionshapedliketheinner-tightandouter-relaxed.

简介：Basedonthewinter1984/1985ECMWFgridpointdatasubjectedtothe30-60dayband-passfilteringandcompositeanalysis,astudyisundertakenoftheLFO(low-frequencyoscillation)structureintheeasternAsianwesterlyjetentranceandexitregionsandtheAsia-Pacificlow-frequencyvortexactivitycharacteristics.Resultsshowthatzonalwindoscillationsonbothsidesofthejetcoreareinanti-phase,incloserelationtotheE-Wdisplacementofthecore.RanginginNW-SEdirectionisalow-frequencyvortextrain(LFVT)emanatingfromUralviacentralAsiatoEastAsia.Alow-frequencyvortexofUralorigin,whenreachingaround50(?),80(?),issplitintotwoparts,onetravellingeastwardandtheothersouthward,andfinallytheyarcconnectedcyclonicallyoranticyclonicallyatlowlatitudes,form-ingavigorouslowfrequencycycloneoranticycloneintheeasternpartofChinamainland,completingafullcycleoftheLFVT.Further,observedinthecentralPacificareameridionalLFVTandacyclone/anticyclonecoupletloopinginacounterclockwisesense,givingrisetotheLFVTphaseshiftoverthisregion.

简介：用从自动表面气象站，浮标，激光雷达和Doppler的数据，日变化和海风的三维的结构接近好运气北京的航行地点—从2006年8月18日的2006Qingdao国际赛船会被分析。结果显示出那排除台风影响的降水日数和天，海风将近每天发生在这个时期期间。当Qingdao在500hPa在副热带的高度的边被定位时，海风通常更强壮，在34ms−1附近。它在约1100～1300LST开始并且持续大约6个小时。海风的方向趋于在东南是。当Qingdao在副热带的高度的控制下面时，海风通常更弱，在整个日子的不到2.5ms−1，并且以后开始，在1300和1500LST之间。在这种情况中，海风的方向是可变的从对在东方在东南。在Qingdao的大多数海风深是很浅的，直到300米。强壮的海风能远及100km内陆深入地和罐头推到达1.5km。如果Huanghai海风移动内陆并且在Qingdao的西方的部分遇见Jiaozhou海湾的海风，海风将由于二海风的相互作用加强并且形成三条边界。