简介:Aseriesofidealizedmodelsimulationsareanalyzedtodeterminethesensitivityofmodelresultstodifferentconfigurationsofthelateralboundaryconditions(LBCs)insimulatingmesoscaleshallowconvectionoverhillyterrain.Inthesimulationswithsteadythermalforcingatthemodelsurface,aradiationconditionatbothboundariesisthebestchoiceunderhighwindconditions,andthebestresultsareproducedwhenboththenormalvelocitiesandthetemperaturearetreatedwiththeradiationschemeinwhichthephasespeedisthesamefordifferentvariables.Whenthebackgroundwindspeedisreasonablysmall,theLBCconfigurationwitheithertheradiationorthezerogradientconditionatbothboundariestendstomakethenumericalsolutionunstable.Thechoiceofaconstantconditionattheinflowboundaryandaradiationoutflowboundaryconditionisappropriateinmostcases.Inthesimulationswithdiurnalthermalforcingatthemodelsurface,differentLBCschemesarecombinedtogethertoreducespurioussignalsinducedbytheoutflowboundary.Aspecificationinflowboundarycondition,inwhichthevelocityfieldsattheinflowboundaryareprovidedusingthetime-dependentresultsofasimulationwithperiodicLBCsoveraflatdomain,istestedandtheresultsindicatethatthespecificationconditionattheinflowboundarymakesitpossibletouseasmallermodeldomaintoobtainreasonableresults.Themodelhorizontaldomainlengthshouldbegreaterthanacriticallength,whichdependsonthedomaindepthHandtheanglebetweengravitywavephaselinesandthevertical.Anestimateofminimumdomainlengthisgivenby[(H-zi)/πU]√N2L2x-4π2U2,whereNandUarethebackgroundstabilityandwindspeed,respectively,Lxisthetypicalgravitywavelengthscale,andziistheconvectiveboundarylayer(CBL)depth.
简介:THE2-DNUMERICALSTUDYONTHEPRINCIPLESOFRAIN-ENHANCEMENTANDHAIL-SUPPRESSIONINCONVECTIVECLOUDSMaoYuhua(毛玉华)andHuZhijin(胡志晋)THE2-D...
简介:1日照纸涂药办法经验谈目前上级配置的涂日照纸用的药品,一改过去的瓶装为简易包装,造成药品质量极不稳定。若按《规范》提供的办法进行涂药,日照纸涂药后的纸底色肯定偏蓝,且易变深蓝色,易与日照迹线相混,甚至影响测报质量。对此,本人经多次反复实践,认为在涂药当中,若做到如下几点,结果将会有所改观:1)涂药之前一定要用脱脂棉去掉表面油脂,但擦纸时不可太用力,用力要均匀。2)药液的配制:两种药以1:1比例为宜。两种药与水之比例以1:15为宜,药液一定要静置5分钟左右才可涂刷。3)涂药时先另用脱脂棉蘸满药水,然后轻轻地横向涂满整张纸,再挤干棉花药水后,纵向吸干药水。这种涂药方法将会自然“薄而均匀”。
简介:1会议背景2015年4月14—16日,欧洲气象卫星组织(EUMETSAT:EuropeanOrganisationfortheExploitationofMeteorologicalSatellites)及联合极轨卫星系统(JPSS:JointPolarSatelliteSystem)在德国EUMETSAT总部举办了第2届卫星数据处理软件包(CSPP:CommunitySatelliteProcess-ingPackage)及国际MODIS/AIRS处理软件包(IMAPP:InternationalMO-DIS/AIRSProcessingPackage)用户会议,会议讨论了目前国际上的主要极轨气象卫星(SuomiNPP、FY-3及Metop、Terra、Aqua、POES)直收用户的数据接收、处理与应用技术,还讨论了欧洲下一代极轨气象卫星(METOP-SG,2021年发射)的载荷配置及数据直接广播。