简介:Inadditiontoforwardundulatoryswimming,Gymnarchusniloticuscanswimviaundulationsofthedorsalfinwhilethebodyaxisremainsstraight;furthermore,itswimsforwardandbackwardinasimilarway,whichindicatesthattheundulationofthedorsalfincansimultaneouslyprovidebidirectionalpropulsiveandmaneuveringforceswiththehelpofthetailfin.Ahigh-resolutionCharge-CoupledDevice(CCD)imagingcamerasystemisusedtorecordkinematicsofsteadyswimmingaswellasmaneuveringinG.niloticus.Basedonexperimentaldata,thispaperdiscussesthekinematics(cruisingspeed,wavespeed,cyclefrequency,amplitude,lateraldisplacement)offorwardaswellasbackwardswimmingandmaneuvering.Duringforwardswimming,thepropulsiveforceisgeneratedmainlybyundulationsofthedorsalfinwhilethebodyaxisremainsstraight.Thekinematicparameters(wavespeed,wavelength,cyclefrequency,amplitude)havestatisticallysignificantcorrelationswithcruisingspeed.Inaddition,theyawattheheadisminimalduringsteadyswimming.Fromexperimentaldata,themaximallateraldisplacementofheadisnotmorethan1%ofthebodylength,whilethemaximallateraldisplacementofthewholebodyisnotmorethan5%ofthebodylength.AnotherimportantfeatureisthatG.niloticusswimsbackwardsusinganundulatorymechanismthatresemblestheforwardundulatoryswimmingmechanism.Inbackwardswimming,theincreaseoflateraldisplacementoftheheadiscomparativelysignificant;theamplitudeprofilesofthepropulsivewavealongthedorsalfinaresignificantlydifferentfromthoseinforwardswimming.WhenG.niloticusdoesfastmaneuvering,itsbodyisfirstbentintoeitheraCshapeoranSshape,thenitisrapidlyunwoundinatravellingwavefashion.Itrarelymaneuverswithoutthehelpofthetailfinandbodybending.
简介:Aroboticfishdrivenbyoscillatingfins,"CownoseRay-I",isdeveloped,whichisindorsoventrallyflattenedshapewithoutatail.Theroboticfishiscomposedofabodyandtwolateralfins.Athree-factorkinematicmodelisestablishedandusedinthedesignofamechanism.Bycontrollingthethreekinematicparameters,theroboticfishcanaccelerateandmaneuver.Forwardvelocityisdependentonthelargestamplitudeandthenumberofwavesinthefins,whiletherelativecontributionoffinbeatfrequencytotheforwardvelocityoftheroboticfishisdifferentfromtheusualresult.Ontheotherhand,experimentalresultsonmaneuveringshowthatphasedifferencehasastrongereffectonswervingthanthelargestamplitudetosomeextent.Inaddition,aspropulsionwavespassfromthetrailingedgetotheleadingedge,theroboticfishattainsabackwardvelocityof0.15m·s-1.
简介:目的:探究胃炎康方5号联合西医治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效。方法:选取在我院接受治疗的慢性萎缩性胃炎患者94例,分为对照组和实验组,对照组患者采用常规的胃三联治疗方法,实验组患者在对照组患者的治疗方法之上再加上胃炎康方5号治疗,观察分析和对比两组患者的治疗效果以及Hp根除率(幽门螺旋杆菌根除率)。结果:对照组患者治疗的总有效率为46.81%,Hp根除率为82.98%,实验组患者治疗的总有效率为80.85%,根除率为93.62%,两组结果相比较,差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胃炎康方5号联合西药治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床疗效显著,值得临床推广。
简介:目的:观察Kozak序列(+4G)对稳定转染的人淀粉样前体蛋白(hAPP751)-EGFP融合真核表达载体在CHO细胞中表达的影响,为APP的水解代谢研究提供细胞模型。方法:分别将含Kozak序列(+4G)和不含Kozak序列的hAPP751全长基因片段亚克隆入pEGFP-N1表达载体,得到pEGFP-hAPP751(+4G)和pEGFP-hAPP751重组质粒,转染CHO细胞,通过G418筛选稳定转染细胞株,再用倒置荧光显微镜挑取绿色荧光强的细胞进行亚克隆,并观察融合蛋白的表达强度和细胞定位,最后用EGFP抗体通过Western印迹检测融合蛋白。结果:PCR、酶切和测序证明将含Kozak序列(+4G)和不含Kozak序列的hAPP751全长基因片段分别连入了真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中;荧光显微镜下观察pEGFP-hAPP751(+4G)稳定转染细胞的细胞膜和细胞质产生较强的绿色荧光,其中在细胞质中成不均匀颗粒状分布,Western印迹检测到相对分子质量约156000的融合表达蛋白,与预期相符;pEGFP-hAPP751转染细胞,其绿色荧光十分微弱且在整个细胞均匀分布,Western印迹检测到相对分子质量约26000的EGFP,但检测不到预期的hAPP751-EGFP融合表达蛋白。结论:Kozak序列(+4G)可以明显促进hAPP751的表达,获得稳定转染且高水平融合表达hAPP751-EGFP的细胞株。